Cardiff University

About: Cardiff University is a education organization based out in Cardiff, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 34188 authors who have published 82643 publications receiving 3046531 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Cardiff & University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire.

Electrosurgical system and method

Abstract: An electrosurgical system comprises a radio frequency generator ( 1 ), an electrosurgical instrument (E 1 ), and a fluid enclosure ( 42 ). The generator ( 1 ) has a radio frequency output for delivery of power to the electrosurgical instrument (E 1 ) when immersed in an electrically-conductive fluid. The electrosurgical instrument (E 1 ) has an electrode assembly ( 32 ) at the distal end thereof, the electrode assembly comprising a tissue treatment electrode ( 34 ), and a return electrode ( 38 ) axially spaced therefrom in such a manner as to define, in use, a conductive fluid path that completes an electrical circuit between the tissue treatment electrode and the return electrode. The fluid enclosure ( 42 ) is adapted to surround an operation site on the skin of a patient or an incision leading to a cavity surgically created within the patient's body. The fluid enclosure ( 42 ) includes sealing means ( 44 ) for sealing against the patient's tissue, and the fluid enclosure includes at least one port ( 50 a, 52 a ) through which the electrosurgical (E 1 ) is insertable, and through which the electrically-conductive fluid can enter and/or leave the enclosure. The fluid enclosure device of the present invention can also be used to treat tumours within the colon. The enclosure, which includes a proximal and a distal bung, is inserted into the colon in a deflated condition and then inflated with a conductive fluid or gas. The colon can be supported against the pressure of the fluid or gas with a pressure sleeve that has been inserted to surround the region of the colon being treated. An electrosurgical instrument is then inserted into the colon and manipulated to vaporize the tumor.

Revised guidelines for the clinical management of Lynch syndrome (HNPCC): recommendations by a group of European experts

Abstract: Lynch syndrome (LS) is characterised by the development of colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer and various other cancers, and is caused by a mutation in one of the mismatch repair genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2. In 2007, a group of European experts (the Mallorca group) published guidelines for the clinical management of LS. Since then substantial new information has become available necessitating an update of the guidelines. In 2011 and 2012 workshops were organised in Palma de Mallorca. A total of 35 specialists from 13 countries participated in the meetings. The first step was to formulate important clinical questions. Then a systematic literature search was performed using the Pubmed database and manual searches of relevant articles. During the workshops the outcome of the literature search was discussed in detail. The guidelines described in this paper may be helpful for the appropriate management of families with LS. Prospective controlled studies should be undertaken to improve further the care of these families.

Hypervalent iodine chemistry in synthesis: scope and new directions.

Abstract: The impressive development of hypervalent iodine chemistry in recent years is reflected by the number of publications in this area. Although the synthesis of the first hypervalent iodine compound dates back more than 100 years, the investigation of the reactivities of these compounds and their efficient use as metal-free reagents in organic synthesis is still ongoing. This contribution summarizes recent achievements and highlights key findings and developments that will influence future research and lead to novel applications of hypervalent iodine reagents in synthesis.

Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)

Abstract: Background: As part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), prevalence surveys were conducted among representative samples of school children from locations in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australasia, North and South America Subjects: 257,800 children aged 6-7 years from 91 centres in 38 countries, and 463,801 children aged 13-14 years from 155 centres in 56 countries Methods: Written symptom questionnaires were translated from English into the local language for self-completion by the 13-14-year-olds and completion by the parents of the 6-7-year-olds Rhinitis was described as a problem with sneezing, or a runny, or blocked nose when you (your child) DID NOT have a cold or the flu Additional questions were asked about rhinitis associated with itchy-watery eyes, interference with activities and a history of hay fever ever Results: The prevalence of rhinitis with itchy-watery eyes (“rhinoconjunctivitis”) in the past year varied across centres from 08%(to 149% in the 6-7-year-olds and from 14% to 397% in the 13-14-year-olds Within each age group, the global pattem was broadly consistent across each of the symptom categories In centres of higher prevalence there was great variability in the proportion of rhinoconjunctivitis labelled as hay fever The lowest prevalences of rhinoconjunctivitis were found in parts of eastern Europe south and central Asia High prevalences were reported from centres in several regions Conclusion: These results suggest substantial worldwide variations in the prevalence and labelling of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis which require further study These differences, if real, may offer important clues to environmental influences on allergy