City University London

About: City University London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5735 authors who have published 17285 publications receiving 453290 citations.

The "Test-Tube" Generation: Parent-Child Relationships and the Psychological Well-Being of In Vitro Fertilization Children at Adolescence

Abstract: The introduction of in vitro fertilization (IVF) at the end of the 20th century constituted a fundamental change in the way in which families could be created, and by the start of the new millennium an increasing number of children have been (and are being) born as a result of this procedure. This article presents findings of a longitudinal study of the first cohort of children conceived by IVF to reach adolescence. Thirty-four IVF families, 49 adoptive families, and 38 families with a naturally conceived child were compared on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of parent-child relationships and children's psychological well-being. The few differences in parent-child relationships that were identified appeared to be associated with the experience of infertility rather than with IVF per se. The IVF children were found to be functioning well and did not differ from the adoptive or naturally conceived children on any of the assessments of social or emotional adjustment.

What drives political commitment for nutrition? A review and framework synthesis to inform the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition.

Abstract: Introduction Generating country-level political commitment will be critical to driving forward action throughout the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025). In this review of the empirical nutrition policy literature, we ask: what factors generate, sustain and constrain political commitment for nutrition, how and under what circumstances? Our aim is to inform strategic ‘commitment-building’ actions. Method We adopted a framework synthesis method and realist review protocol. An initial framework was derived from relevant theory and then populated with empirical evidence to test and modify it. Five steps were undertaken: initial theoretical framework development; search for relevant empirical literature; study selection and quality appraisal; data extraction, analysis and synthesis and framework modification. Results 75 studies were included. We identified 18 factors that drive commitment, organised into five categories: actors; institutions; political and societal contexts; knowledge, evidence and framing; and, capacities and resources. Irrespective of country-context, effective nutrition actor networks, strong leadership, civil society mobilisation, supportive political administrations, societal change and focusing events, cohesive and resonant framing, and robust data systems and available evidence were commitment drivers. Low-income and middle-income country studies also frequently reported international actors, empowered institutions, vertical coordination and capacities and resources. In upper-middle-income and high-income country studies, private sector interference frequently undermined commitment. Conclusion Political commitment is not something that simply exists or emerges accidentally; it can be created and strengthened over time through strategic action. Successfully generating commitment will likely require a core set of actions with some context-dependent adaptations. Ultimately, it will necessitate strategic actions by cohesive, resourced and strongly led nutrition actor networks that are responsive to the multifactorial, multilevel and dynamic political systems in which they operate and attempt to influence. Accelerating the formation and effectiveness of such networks over the Nutrition Decade should be a core task for all actors involved.

An investigation of the nature of abstract concepts.

Abstract: Eight abstract concepts were submitted to a procedure designed to test the logical nature of their definition. The hypothesis that they would show a polymorphous prototype structure similar to that found for concrete categories (Hampton, 1979; Rosch & Mervis, 1975) was confirmed for five of the concepts. Reasons for the lack of fit of the prototype model to the remaining concepts and implications for the generality of existing theories of semantic memory are discussed.

Segmenting the body into parts: Evidence from biases in tactile perception

Abstract: How do we individuate body parts? Here, we investigated the effect of body segmentation between hand and arm in tactile and visual perception. In a first experiment, we showed that two tactile stimuli felt farther away when they were applied across the wrist than when they were applied within a single body part (palm or forearm), indicating a "category boundary effect". In the following experiments, we excluded two hypotheses, which attributed tactile segmentation to other, nontactile factors. In Experiment 2, we showed that the boundary effect does not arise from motor cues. The effect was reduced during a motor task involving flexion and extension movements of the wrist joint. Action brings body parts together into functional units, instead of pulling them apart. In Experiments 3 and 4, we showed that the effect does not arise from perceptual cues of visual discontinuities. We did not find any segmentation effect for the visual percept of the body in Experiment 3, nor for a neutral shape in Experiment 4. We suggest that the mental representation of the body is structured in categorical body parts delineated by joints, and that this categorical representation modulates tactile spatial perception.

Venture Capitalists, Business Angels, and Performance of Entrepreneurial IPOs in the UK and France

Abstract: AERNOUDT R, 2001, BUSINESS ANGELS MAGA; BARRY CB, 1990, J FINANC ECON, V27, P447, DOI 10.1016-0304-405X(90)90064-7; ARMOUR J, 2006, IN PRESS OXFORD EC P; BAKER M, 2003, J LAW ECON, V46, P1097; BHAGAT S, 2004, UNPUB DETERMINANTS I; BIRLEY S, 2000, BLACKWELL HDB ENTERP; Black BS, 1998, J FINANC ECON, V47, P243, DOI 10.1016-S0304-405X(97)00045-7; Certo ST, 2001, STRATEGIC MANAGE J, V22, P641, DOI 10.1002-smj.182; CHAHINE S, 2006, IN PRESS INT REV FIN; CHAHINE S, 2005, VENTURE CAPITALISTS; CUMMING DJ, 2006, IN PRESS J CORPORATE; CUMMING DJ, 2003, CONTRACTS EXITS VENT; CUMMINGS DJ, 2004, LEGALITY VENTURE GOV; EHRLICH SB, 1994, J BUS VENTURING, V9, P67, DOI 10.1016-0883-9026(94)90027-2; Espenlaub S., 1999, VENTURE CAPITAL INT, V11, P325, DOI 10.1080-136910699295848; *EVCA, 2003, EVCA YB 2003; FIET JO, 1995, J MANAGE STUD, V32, P551, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-6486.1995.tb00788.x; Filatotchev I, 2006, SMALL BUS ECON, V26, P337, DOI 10.1007-s11187-005-2051-3; Filatotchev I., 2005, LIFE CYCLE CORPORATE; FILATOTCHEV I, 2002, STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, V28, P941; FRANCIS B, 2000, UNDERPRICING VENTURE; FREEAR J, 1994, J BUS VENTURING, V9, P109, DOI 10.1016-0883-9026(94)90004-3; Giudici G., 2004, RISE FALL EUROPES NE; Goergen M, 2006, J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT, V33, P79, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-5957.2006.00657.x; GOMPERS PA, 1995, J FINANC, V50, P1461; GORMAN M, 1989, J BUS VENTURING, V4, P231, DOI 10.1016-0883-9026(89)90014-1; Granlund M, 1996, BRIT J DEV DISABIL, V42, P1; Habib MA, 2001, REV FINANC STUD, V14, P433, DOI 10.1093-rfs-14.2.433; Hellmann G, 2002, INT POLITIK, V57, P1; HOCHBERG YV, 2003, VENTURE CAPITAL CORP; Jelic R, 2005, J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT, V32, P643, DOI 10.1111-j.0306-686X.2005.00608.x; Jeng Leslie A., 2000, J CORP FINANC, V6, P241, DOI DOI 10.1016-S0929-1199(00)00003-1; JENSEN MC, 1976, J FINANC ECON, V3, P305, DOI 10.1016-0304-405X(76)90026-X; Johnson S, 2000, AM ECON REV, V90, P22, DOI 10.1257-aer.90.2.22; KAPLAN S, 2004, LEGAL DIFFERENCES LE; Kaplan SN, 2003, REV ECON STUD, V70, P281, DOI 10.1111-1467-937X.00245; LaPorta R, 1997, J FINANC, V52, P1131; Larcker D. F., 2005, USE INSTRUMENTAL VAR; LEE PM, 2003, AC MAN ANN C SEATTL; LELAND HE, 1977, J FINANC, V32, P371, DOI 10.2307-2326770; Lerner J., 1999, VENTURE CAPITAL CYCL; LERNER J, 1995, J FINANC, V50, P301, DOI 10.2307-2329247; Lerner J, 1998, J BANK FINANC, V22, P773, DOI 10.1016-S0378-4266(98)00043-0; LERNER J, 1994, FINANC MANAGE, V23, P16, DOI 10.2307-3665618; Lins KV, 2003, J FINANC QUANT ANAL, V38, P159, DOI 10.2307-4126768; Lockett A, 2001, OMEGA-INT J MANAGE S, V29, P375, DOI 10.1016-S0305-0483(01)00024-X; Lockett A, 2002, RES POLICY, V31, P1009, DOI 10.1016-S0048-7333(01)00174-3; Macmillan I.C., 1985, J BUSINESS VENTURING, V1, P119, DOI DOI 10.1016-0883-9026(85)90011-4; Manigart S., 2000, EUROPEAN FINANCIAL M, V6, P389, DOI 10.1111-1468-036X.00130; MEGGINSON W, 1991, J FINANC, V96, P879; Prowse S, 1998, J BANK FINANC, V22, P785, DOI 10.1016-S0378-4266(98)00044-2; RINDERMAN G, 2003, VENTURE CAPITALIST P; RITTER JR, 1984, J FINANC, V39, P1231, DOI 10.2307-2327627; Sapienza HJ, 1996, J BUS VENTURING, V11, P439, DOI 10.1016-S0883-9026(96)00052-3; SAPIENZA HJ, 1994, ACAD MANAGE J, V37, P1618, DOI 10.2307-256802; van Osnabrugge M., 1998, ENTREP THEORY PRACT, V22, P23; Wong A., 2002, ANGEL FINANCE OTHER; Wright M, 2003, J MANAGE STUD, V40, P2073, DOI 10.1046-j.1467-6486.2003.00412.x; Wright M., 1998, J BUSINESS FINANCE A, V25, P521, DOI 10.1111-1468-5957.00201; Zahra S. A., 2004, J MANAGE STUD, V41, P883