City University London

About: City University London is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 5735 authors who have published 17285 publications receiving 453290 citations.

A multinational comparison of aphasia management practices.

Abstract: The effect of restructuring of healthcare on the quality, quantity, and nature of aphasia management is largely unknown. The current study is the first to examine access, diagnostic, treatment, and discharge patterns of patients with aphasia in Australia, Canada, the UK, the US private sector (US-Private), and the US Veterans Health Administration in the Department of Veterans Affairs (US-VA). The authors developed a 37-item survey to be completed by clinicians working with aphasic patients. The survey focused on eight areas: access to care, evaluation procedures, group treatment, number and duration of treatment sessions, limitations of the number of sessions, termination of treatment, follow-up practices, and resumption of treatment. 394 surveys were distributed and 175 were returned completed (44% return rate). Respondents represented a range of ages, work experiences, and work settings. There was considerable consistency among respondents from our five healthcare systems. Results suggest that patients may be routinely denied treatment in direct contradiction to the research literature. Just as we carefully monitor the progress of patients receiving our treatment, we are obliged to monitor the effects of managed care on our patients, fellow clinicians, and our profession.

Early phonological and sociocognitive skills as predictors of later language and social communication outcomes.

Abstract: Background: Previous studies of outcome for children with early language delay have focused on measures of early language as predictors of language outcome. This study investigates whether very early processing skills (VEPS) known to underpin language development will be better predictors of specific language and social communication outcomes than measures of language itself. Method: Participants were 163 children referred to clinical services with concerns about language at 2;6–3;6 years and followed up at 4–5 years. Novel assessments of phonological and sociocognitive processing were administered at Time 1 (T1), together with a standardised test of receptive and expressive language, and parental report of expressive vocabulary. The language test was re-administered at Time 2 (T2), together with assessments of morphosyntax and parental reports of social communication. Results: Intercorrelations at and between T1 and T2 were high, and dissociations were rare. Ordinal regressions were run, entering predictors singly and simultaneously. With the exception of the phonological task, every early measure on its own was significantly predictive of most outcomes, and receptive language was the strongest all-round predictor. Results of simultaneous entry, controlling for the effect of other predictors, showed that early language was the strongest predictor of general language outcome, but early phonology was the strongest predictor of a measure of morphosyntax, and early sociocognition the strongest predictor of social communication. Conclusions: Language measures which draw on a wide range of skills were the strongest overall predictors of general language outcomes. However, our VEPS measures were stronger predictors of specific outcomes. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Ultracompact Si-GST Hybrid Waveguides for Nonvolatile Light Wave Manipulation

Abstract: Phase change materials (PCMs) combined with silicon photonics are emerging as a promising platform to realize miniature photonic devices. We study the basic optical properties of a sub-wavelength-dimension silicon ridge waveguide with a 20-nm-thick Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) top-clad layer. Numerical simulations show that the effective index of the Si-GST hybrid waveguide varies significantly when the GST changes from the amorphous to the crystalline states. This change can be utilized to make micron-size photonic devices. To experimentally verify the effectiveness of the Si-GST hybrid waveguide on light wave manipulation, we fabricated a series of unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers with one arm connected with a section of Si-GST hybrid waveguide in different lengths. The transmission spectra are measured and the complex effective indices are extracted for GST at crystalline, amorphous and intermediate phases. The experimental results overall agree well with the simulation ones. The nonvolatile property of GST makes it attractive to reduce the static power consumption. This research represents a significant step towards the realization of ultra-compact Si-GST hybrid devices that will play a key role in high-density photonic integrated circuits, opening the door to many potential applications, including optical switch, memory and logic operation.

Modelling Monetary Policy: Inflation Targeting in Practice

Abstract: This paper estimates a simple structural model of monetary policy in the UK for 1963-2000, focusing on the policy of inflation targeting introduced in 1992. Our main findings are: i) the adoption of inflation targets led to significant changes in monetary policy giving greater weight to inflation; (ii) monetary policy post-1992 is asymmetric as policy makers respond more to upward deviation of inflation away from the target; (iii) in the post-1992 period policymakers may be attempting to keep inflation within the range of 1.4%-2.6% rather than pursuing a point target of 2.5%; (iv) monetary policy is more responsive to inflation when it is further from the target.