Institution
Clinical Trial Service Unit
About: Clinical Trial Service Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stroke. The organization has 428 authors who have published 1387 publications receiving 181920 citations.
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22 Aug 2017
TL;DR: Equivalent increases in genetically instrumented eBMD were associated with lower plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased insulin resistance, suggesting a causal relationship between elevated bone mineral density with risks of both T2D and CHD.
Abstract: Background: Observational studies have demonstrated that increased bone mineral density is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the relationship with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is less clear. Moreover, substantial uncertainty remains about the causal relevance of increased bone mineral density for T2D and CHD, which can be assessed by Mendelian randomisation studies. Methods: We identified 235 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated at p <5×10 -8 with estimated heel bone mineral density (eBMD) in 116,501 individuals from the UK Biobank study, accounting for 13.9% of eBMD variance. For each eBMD-associated SNP, we extracted effect estimates from the largest available GWAS studies for T2D (DIAGRAM: n=26,676 T2D cases and 132,532 controls) and CHD (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D: n=60,801 CHD cases and 123,504 controls). A two-sample design using several Mendelian randomization approaches was used to investigate the causal relevance of eBMD for risk of T2D and CHD. In addition, we explored the relationship of eBMD, instrumented by the 235 SNPs, on 12 cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Finally, we conducted Mendelian randomization analysis in the reverse direction to investigate reverse causality. Results: Each one standard deviation increase in genetically instrumented eBMD (equivalent to 0.14 g/cm 2 ) was associated with an 8% higher risk of T2D (odds ratio [OR] 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.14; p =0.012) and 5% higher risk of CHD (OR 1.05; 95%CI: 1.00 to 1.10; p =0.034). Consistent results were obtained in sensitivity analyses using several different Mendelian randomization approaches. Equivalent increases in eBMD were also associated with lower plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased insulin resistance. Mendelian randomization in the reverse direction using 94 T2D SNPs or 52 CHD SNPs showed no evidence of reverse causality with eBMD. Conclusions: These findings suggest a causal relationship between elevated bone mineral density with risks of both T2D and CHD.
25 citations
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TL;DR: Why Burkitts lymphoma remains disproportionately fatal in developing countries compared with developed countries 50 years after cure by chemotherapy was first achieved is addressed and cooperation coordination and collaboration with existing malaria and HIV-1 programs might assist pilot efforts to provide efficient and effective treatment.
25 citations
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TL;DR: European biostatisticians and clinical trialists imagine what they might have said if any of them had been in Dr Fisher's place in 1994, when he was being interrogated in Washington at a special hearing of a Congressional subcommittee.
24 citations
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TL;DR: The excellent outcome for childhood ALL in patients with MRD <0.01% after induction chemotherapy is sustained for more than 10 years from diagnosis, supporting the potential exploration of further reduction of therapy in this group, in an attempt to reduce treatment-related mortality and late effects.
Abstract: Background Minimal residual disease (MRD) is defined as the presence of sub-microscopic levels of leukaemia. Measurement of MRD from bone marrow at the end of induction chemotherapy (day 28) for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) can highlight a large group of patients (>40%) with an excellent (>90%) short-term event-free survival (EFS). However, follow-up in recent published trials is relatively short, raising concerns about using this result to infer the safety of further therapy reduction in the future. Methods We examined MRD data on 225 patients treated on one of three UKALL trials between 1997 and 2003 to assess the long-term (>10 years follow-up) outcome of those patients who had low-risk MRD ( Results Our pilot data define a cohort of 53% of children with MRD Conclusions The excellent outcome for childhood ALL in patients with MRD
24 citations
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TL;DR: The spread of the COVID-19 in China in its early phase was attributed primarily to population movement from Hubei, and effective governmental health emergency measures and adequate medical resources played important roles in subsequent control of epidemic and improved prognosis of affected individuals.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic, first emerged in Wuhan during December 2019, has spread globally. While the mass population movement for Chinese New Year has significantly influenced spreading the disease, little direct evidence exists about the relevance to epidemic and its control of population movement from Wuhan, local emergency response, and medical resources in China. METHODS Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed between official data of confirmed COVID-19 cases from Jan 20th to Feb 19th, 2020 and real-time travel data and health resources data. RESULTS There were 74,675 confirmed COVID-19 cases in China by Feb 19th, 2020. The overall fatality rate was 2.84%, much higher in Hubei than in other regions (3.27% vs 0.73%). The index of population inflow from Hubei was positively correlated with total (Provincial r=0.9159, p CONCLUSIONS The spread of the COVID-19 in China in its early phase was attributed primarily to population movement from Hubei, and effective governmental health emergency measures and adequate medical resources played important roles in subsequent control of epidemic and improved prognosis of affected individuals.
24 citations
Authors
Showing all 428 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Salim Yusuf | 231 | 1439 | 252912 |
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
Rory Collins | 162 | 489 | 193407 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
Timothy J. Key | 146 | 808 | 90810 |
John Danesh | 135 | 394 | 100132 |
Andrew J.S. Coats | 127 | 820 | 94490 |
Valerie Beral | 114 | 471 | 53729 |
Mike Clarke | 113 | 1037 | 164328 |
Robert Clarke | 111 | 512 | 90049 |
Robert U. Newton | 109 | 753 | 42527 |
Richard Gray | 109 | 808 | 78580 |
Braxton D. Mitchell | 102 | 558 | 49599 |
Naomi E. Allen | 101 | 364 | 37057 |