Showing papers by "Indonesian Institute of Sciences published in 2005"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed point count surveys in primary and secondary forests in the Lore Lindu National Park in central Sulawesi, as well as the surrounding plantation and mixed-rural habitats.
126 citations
TL;DR: The microbial transformation of five flavans by endophytic fungi isolated from the tea plant Camellia sinensis was investigated and it was found that (-)-gallocatechin 3-O-gallate, (-)-catechin (ent-1) and (+)-epicatechin (ENT-2), which possess a 2S-phenyl substitution, resisted the biotransformation.
Abstract: The microbial transformation of five flavans (1—5) by endophytic fungi isolated from the tea plant Camellia sinensis was investigated. It was found that the endophytic filamentous fungus Diaporthe sp. oxidized stereoselectively at C-4 position of (+)-catechin (1) and (−)-epicatechin (2) to give the correspondent 3,4-cis-dihydroxyflavan derivatives (6, 10), respectively. (−)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate (3) and (−)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (4) were also oxidized by the fungus into 3,4-dihydroxyflavan derivatives (10, 12) via (−)-epicatechin (2) and (−)-epigallocatechin (11), respectively. Meanwhile, (−)-gallocatechin 3-O-gallate (5), (−)-catechin (ent-1) and (+)-epicatechin (ent-2), which possess a 2S-phenyl substitution, resisted the biotransformation.
80 citations
TL;DR: Bioassay-guided fractionation of boiled aqueous extracts from the whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri led to the isolation of 1-O-galloyl-6- O-luteoyl -alpha-d-glucose (1), with IC(50) values of 4.7 microg/mL against Babesia gibsoni and 1.4 microg /mL against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
Abstract: Bioassay-guided fractionation of boiled aqueous extracts from the whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri led to the isolation of 1-O-galloyl-6-O-luteoyl-alpha-d-glucose (1), with IC(50) values of 4.7 microg/mL against Babesia gibsoni and 1.4 microg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. The known compounds beta-glucogallin (2), quercetin 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(2-->1)-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside (3), beta-sitosterol, and gallic acid were also isolated. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their chemical and spectroscopic data.
70 citations
TL;DR: Higher concentrations of dioxins and coplanar PCBs were detected in the samples from temperate Asian regions, plausibly due to larger usage and anthropogenic generation in highly industrialized countries around the East China Sea and the South China Sea, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and coastal China.
62 citations
TL;DR: Twenty-four kinds of water extracts derived from 22 plants that are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria on Java Island, Indonesia, were screened for their antibabesial and antimalarial activities.
Abstract: Twenty-four kinds of water extracts derived from 22 plants that are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria on Java Island, Indonesia, were screened for their antibabesial and antimalarial activities. Among the extracts, 8 extracts displayed strong antimalarial activity, with an inhibition range from 89.6 to 100%, and 15 showed strong antibabesial activity, with an inhibition range from 84.2 to 98.1%. The extracts of Achillea millefolium, Baeckea frutenscens, Brucea javanica, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Strychnos lucida and Swietenia macrophylla showed both strong antibabesial and antimalarial activities. The antimalarial activities paralleled the antibabesial activities, but the converse was not true.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of mixing between two internally variable end members within the subducting Australian continent, either the upper and lower crust, or two upper crustal end members of different ages.
50 citations
TL;DR: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the boiled extract from the stems of Arcangelisia flava led to the isolation of palmatine, berberine, jatrorrhizine, dihydroberberine and 20-hydroxyecdysone, which were evaluated for their growth inhibiting effects on Babesia gibsoni in culture.
Abstract: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the boiled extract from the stems of Arcangelisia flava led to the isolation of palmatine (1), berberine (2), jatrorrhizine (3), dihydroberberine (4) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (5). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their chemical and spectral evidence. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibiting effects on Babesia gibsoni in culture for a week. Compounds (1-4) showed significant inhibitions at concentrations from 100 to 1.0 μg/ml, while compound 5 at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, only.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated 44 Indonesian plants belonging to 24 families for tyrosinase inhibitory activity and isolated chlorophorin as one of the active compounds in the sapwood of Artocarpus heterophyllus.
Abstract: In our efforts to find new tyrosinase inhibitory materials, we investigated 44 Indonesian plants belonging to 24 families for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts of 5 Artocarpus woods showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity (over 80% at 100 µg/ml) similar to a positive control, kojic acid. In Artocarpus woods, the extracts of the sapwoods showed stronger inhibitory activity than those of the heartwoods. Chlorophorin was isolated as one of the active compounds in the sapwood of Artocarpus heterophyllus. The content of chlorophorin in sapwood was higher than that in heartwood.
34 citations
TL;DR: The microbial transformation of (+)-catechin (1) and (-)-epicatechin (2) by endophytic fungi isolated from a tea plant was investigated and it was found that they were transformed into 3,4-cis-dihydroxyflavan derivatives.
Abstract: The microbial transformation of (+)-catechin (1) and (-)-epicatechin (2) by endophytic fungi isolated from a tea plant was investigated. It was found that the endophytic filamentous fungus Diaporthe sp. transformed them (1, 2) into the 3,4-cis-dihydroxyflavan derivatives, (+)-(2R,3S,4S)-3,4,5,7,3',4'-hexahydroxyflavan (3) and (-)-(2R,3R,4R)-3,4,5,7,3',4'-hexahydroxyflavan (7), respectively, whereas (-)-catechin (ent-1) and (+)-epicatechin (ent-2) with a 2S-phenyl group resisted the biooxidation.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison with a list of lowland forest birds of Java shows that only 37% of these occurred in Linggoasri, and small, generalist-feeding lowland species, endemic to Java, were more likely to be present in this area.
Abstract: Summary In 2001 and 2002, we assessed avian richness in Linggoasri (central Java) where almost all lowland rainforest had been cleared 3 years previously. Bird surveys were carried out in a selectively-logged forest, two regenerating forests and one pine Pinus merkusii plantation. A comparison with a bird list complied at least 3 years prior to logging in Linggoasri showed that 10 lowland bird species may have been extirpated from this area following logging. However, further surveys will be needed to validate these extirpations. A comparison with a list of lowland forest birds of Java shows that only 37% of these occurred in Linggoasri. From the lowland avifauna of Java, sole frugivores and insectivores were less likely to be present in Linggoasri. Smaller, generalist-feeding lowland species, endemic to Java, were more likely to be present in this area. Persisting lowland bird species, however, did not appear to be seriously affected physiologically by habitat degradation, showing no significant loss of body condition or reduction in survival and reproduction. There is an urgent need to preserve the few remaining lowland forest patches of Java and, given the alarming rate of deforestation throughout Southeast Asia, it is critical to conserve adequately large primary lowland forests (e.g. >5,000 ha) if we are to preserve existing lowland avifauna.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a complete set of generators for the rank 5 special unitary group, SU(6), to unify strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions is presented, where all known elementary particles and their quantum numbers are well accommodated in its {l_brace}6{r_brace}.
Abstract: We present a complete set of generators for the rank 5 special unitary group, SU(6), to unify strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions. The unification is realized through the breaking pattern of SU(6){yields}SU(3){sub C}xSU(3){sub H}xU(1){sub C} followed by SU(3){sub H}{yields}SU(2){sub L}xU(1){sub B}. All known elementary particles and its quantum numbers are well accommodated in its {l_brace}6{r_brace} and {l_brace}15{r_brace} multiplets. These multiplets require a new neutral fermion which should be assigned as the heavy Majorana neutrino to realize the seesaw mechanism naturally.
TL;DR: In this article, a taxon of plant was identified as a hyperaccumulator for Cd, 28 taxa for Co, 37 taxa of Co, 9 taxa Mg, 317 taxa Ni, and 11 taxa Zn.
Abstract: Phytoremediation is defined as cleaning up of pollutants mediated primarily by plants. It is an emerging technology for environmental remediation that offers a low-cost technique suitable for use against different types of contaminants in a variety of media. Phytoremediation is potentially applicable to a diversity of substances, involving hyperaccumulators heavy metals and radionuclides. It is also applicable to other inorganic contaminants such as arsenic, various salts and nutrients, and a variety of organic contaminants, including explosives, petroleum hydrocarbons and pesticides. At least there are one taxon of plant as hyperaccumulator for Cd, 28 taxa for Co, 37 taxa for Cu, 9 taxa for Mg, 317 taxa for Ni, and 11 taxa for Zn. Extensive progress were done in characterizing physiology of plants which hyperaccumulate or hypertolerate metals. Hypertolerance is fundamental to hyperaccumulator, and high rates of uptake and translocation are observed in hyperaccumulator plants. Hyperaccumulator plants and agronomic technology were undertaken to improve the annual rate of phytoextraction and to allow recycling of soil toxic metals accumulated in plant biomass. These techniques are very likely to support commercial environmental remediation. Most phytoremediation systems are still in development, or in the stage of plant breeding to improve the cultivars for field use. However, application for commercial purposes has already been initiated. Many opportunities have also been identified for research and development to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation.
TL;DR: In this paper, two benzo[b]oxepine derivatives, edulisones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), were isolated from the bark of Aglaia edulis, collected in Indonesia.
TL;DR: In this article, upunosides A (1), B (5), C (6), and D (7) were isolated from the stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae) together with the three known glucosides 3, 4, and 8.
Abstract: Four new stilbene glucosides, upunosides A (1), B (5), C (6), and D (7), were isolated from the stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae) together with the three known glucosides 3, 4, and 8. Upunoside A (1) is the first natural instance of a glucoside of a resveratrol pentamer, and its aglycone has a dibenzo-fused bicyclo[5.3.0]octadiene and two dihydrobenzofuran moieties. The relative structure of the aglycone was determined by spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
TL;DR: In several, apparently less derived, representatives of Paguristes, the characteristic gill number of 13 pairs has been reduced to 12, with the loss of the pleurobranch on the wall of fifth thoracic somite.
Abstract: An in-depth study of the genera Paguristes Dana, 1851 and Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin, 2002 in Indonesian waters has resulted in refined hypotheses of some of the evolutionary trajectories within the Paguroidea. Not only has the observed reduction in pleurobranch and arthrobranch number in three species, Paguristes hians Henderson, 1888, P. kuekenthali De Man, 1902 and P. monoporus Morgan, 1987 required the transfer of these taxa to Pseudopaguristes, they, and two new species, have required an emendation of the genus itself. Additionally, the investigation has also revealed anintermediate evolutionary change that heretofore has gone unrecognized. In several, apparently less derived, representatives of Paguristes, the characteristic gill number of 13 pairs (ten of arthrobranchs and three pleurobranchs) has been reduced to 12, with the loss of the pleurobranch on the wall of fifth thoracic somite. Only one of these recognized species, Paguristes tuberculatus Whitelegge, 1900, occurs in Indonesian waters. The genus Stratiotes, Thomson, 1899, erected for Pagurus setosus Filhol, 1885, a junior synonym of Paguristes setosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848), is reinstated because its type species has proved to have 12 pairs of gills. Three new species are included in Stratiotes: S. micheleae n. sp., S. breviantennatus n. sp., and S. ngochoae n. sp. The new species assigned to Pseudopaguristes are P. asper n. sp. and P. gracilis n. sp.
TL;DR: A study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) from soil samples of Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG) and showed that the microbial population ranged from 5.0x103-7.5x106 cells of bacteria/gram of soil for PSB and NFB respectively.
Abstract: A study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) from soil samples of Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG). Eleven soil samples were collected randomly to estimate microbial population which used plate count method. The result showed that the microbial population ranged from 5.0x103-7.5x106 cells of bacteria/gram of soil and 5.0x103-1.5x107 cells of bacteria/gram of soil for PSB and NFB respectively. There were 17 isolates which have been identified till genus and species. The isolated microorganism were identified as PSB i.e. Bacillus sp., B. pantothenticus, B. megatherium, Flavobacterium sp., F. breve, Klebsiella sp., K. aerogenes, Chromobacterium lividum, Enterobacter alvei, E. agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp. and as NFB i.e. Azotobacter sp., A. chroococcum, A. paspalii, Rhizobium sp., and Azospirillum sp.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: phosphate- solubilizing bacteria, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Wamena Biological Garden
TL;DR: The inferred phylogenetic relationships between Hopea and Shorea indicate that Shorea is paraphyletic and that Hopea is potentially monophyletic (particularly section Dryobalanoides), and the inferred groupings within Shorea are very similar to a previous classification based on timber characteristics.
Abstract: Hopea and Shorea are economically important timber tree genera distributed throughout South-East Asia. The taxonomic limits of these genera are problematic. Molecular phylogenies of Hopea and Shorea were inferred using two non-coding regions of chloroplast (trnL–trnF) and nuclear ribosomal (internal transcribed spacer) DNA. The inferred phylogenetic relationships between Hopea and Shorea indicate that Shorea is paraphyletic and that Hopea is potentially monophyletic (particularly section Dryobalanoides). The inferred groupings within Shorea are very similar to a previous classification based on timber characteristics. The present study also identified four anomalous taxa, whose phylogenetic positions and taxonomic status require further investigation.
TL;DR: A new resveratrol tetramer, shoreaketone, was isolated from the stem bark of Shorea uliginosa (Dipterocarpaceae) and its relative configuration was confirmed on the basis of 1D and 2D-NMR spectral data.
TL;DR: Two new tricyclic alkaloids, polycitorols A and B, have been isolated along with the known lepadiformine from a marine ascidian of the family Polycitoridae by analysis of NMR data and comparison with those of 3 and other related compounds.
Abstract: Two new tricyclic alkaloids, polycitorols A (1) and B (2) have been isolated along with the known lepadiformine (3) from a marine ascidian of the family Polycitoridae. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of NMR data and comparison with those of 3 and other related compounds [1–5]. Compounds 1 and 2 are closely related to cylindricines A and B, lacking C-4 oxygenation found in cylindricines and having a butyl instead of a hexyl appendage. NOE experiments on compounds 1 and 2 suggested the A/B ring fusion to be cis.
TL;DR: A key comparison of hydraulic high-pressure standards at 16 national metrology institutes (NMIs: NMIJ/AIST, NPLI, CSIR-NML, NIS, KRISS, SCL, SPRING, NMIA, VMI, NML-SIRIM, KIM-LIPI, NSCL, PTB, NIMT, CMS/ITRI and NIM) was carried out during the period October 2002 to July 2004 within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) in order to
Abstract: This report describes the results of a key comparison of hydraulic high-pressure standards at 16 national metrology institutes (NMIs: NMIJ/AIST, NPLI, CSIR-NML, NIS, KRISS, SCL, SPRING, NMIA, VMI, NML-SIRIM, KIM-LIPI, NSCL, PTB, NIMT, CMS/ITRI and NIM) was carried out during the period October 2002 to July 2004 within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) in order to determine their degrees of equivalence at pressures in the range 10 MPa to 100 MPa for gauge mode. The pilot institute was the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)/AIST. All participating institutes generally used hydraulic pressure balances as their pressure standards. High-precision pressure transducers were used as transfer standards. The sensing element of the transducer was a precision quartz crystal resonator. To ensure the reliability of the transfer standard, two pressure transducers were used on a transfer standard unit. Three nominally identical transfer packages were circulated independently to reduce the time required for the measurements. During this comparison, the three transfer standards were calibrated simultaneously at the pilot institute 11 times in total. From the calibration results, the behaviours of the transfer standards during the comparison period were well characterized and it was presented that the capabilities of the transfer standards to achieve this key comparison were sufficient. The degrees of equivalence of each national measurement standard were expressed quantitatively by two terms, deviations from the key comparison reference values and pair-wise differences of their deviations. The degrees of equivalence in this comparison were also transferred to the corresponding CCM key comparison, CCM.M.P-K7. The hydraulic pressure standards in the range 10 MPa to 100 MPa for gauge mode of the 16 participating NMIs were found to be equivalent within their claimed uncertainties. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
TL;DR: Two new resveratrol trimers, cotylelophenols A and B, were isolated from the stem of Cotylelobium lanceolatum (Dipterocarpaceae), together with ten known resver atrol oligomers (3–12).
Abstract: Two new resveratrol (= 5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol) trimers, cotylelophenols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the stem of Cotylelobium lanceolatum (Dipterocarpaceae), together with ten known resveratrol oligomers (3-12). The structures of the isolates were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including a detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation of 1 under different conditions. Compound 1 is the first resveratrol trimer with a rearranged 4-hydroxyphenyl group. Four possible biogenetic pathways towards resveratrol oligomers are proposed (Scheme).
TL;DR: Four new resveratrol derivatives were isolated from an acetone soluble part of stem of Upuna borneensis and the structures of new compounds were determined by spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
Abstract: Four new resveratrol derivatives, upunaphenols B (1), C (4), D (5) (resveratrol tetramer) and E (6, resveratrol dimer with a C6-C1 unit), together with nine known resveratrol oligomers and resveratrol were isolated from an acetone soluble part of stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae). The structures of new compounds were determined by spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
TL;DR: In this article, a new technique for removing Pb from copper alloy scraps in order to promote recycle of copper alloy fragments containing Pb was developed, and the results showed that high percentage (83% in brass and 82% in bronze) of Pb removal can be achieved.
Abstract: Recently, the global scale environmental problem has become a critical issue. In metallic material, not only the cost reduction and improvement of mechanical properties but also the decrease in environmental load is required. In copper alloys, several mass% Pb was added to improve the machinability. However, due to the adverse toxicity of Pb that is harmful to the health, a new regulation to limit the amount of Pb permitted in drinking water supplies has been enforced. A huge amount of copper alloy scraps containing Pb will become industrial waste because the scrap will not be available as the raw materials. We developed a new technique for removing Pb from copper alloy scraps in order to promote recycle of copper alloy scraps containing Pb. Pb was removed from brass and bronze using compound-separation method. Copper alloys containing 2-6 mass% Pb were molten using a high-frequency induction furnace under nitrogen atmosphere. Ca-Si compound and NaF were added into the molten copper alloys to form large particles of a Pb compound. The large particles of the Pb compound were skimmed off from the molten copper alloys. Liquid metal extractions and castings were characterized by electron probe microanalyser (EPMA) and fluorescence X-ray (XRF) analysis. The results show that high percentage (83% in brass and 82% in bronze) of Pb removal can be achieved. Therefore Pb-free copper alloys can be produced from copper alloy scraps, resulting in the solution of environmental problems.
TL;DR: The isolation, identification and population of soil microbes from rizosphere at WBiG had been done in the Soil Laboratories Microbiology, Microbiology Division, Research Center of Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bogor.
Abstract: The isolation, identification and population of soil microbes from rizosphere at WBiG had been done in the Soil Laboratories Microbiology, Microbiology Division, Research Center of Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Bogor. The soil was collected randomly from 16 sites in WBiG, and taken from 0-15 cm depth. Isolates of microbes were identified by Bergeys manual method for bacteria; Ellis method for fungi, and the morphology of isolate method for Actinomycetes. The population of microbes was estimated by plate count method. The result of isolation, identification and population soil microbes from 16 samples in WBiG showed that 20 isolates of bacteria (Azotobactersp., Accinetobacter sp. , Bacillus sp., Citrobacter sp., Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium sp., Thiobacillus sp., Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter chrococcum, Bacillus panthothenticus, Chromobacterium violaceum, C.lividum,Escherrrichia coli, Flavobacterium breve, Klebsiella aerogenes, Spaerotillus natans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis); nine isolates of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Bisporomyces, Monilia sp., Cephalospharium sp., Verticillum sp., Giocladium sp., Penicillium sp., Nelicocephalum sp., and Cuninghamella sp.), and seven isolates of Actinomycetes (Streptomyces, Streptosporangium, Nocardia, Thermomonospora,Thermoactinomyces, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium). The population of Bacillus (108-109), Rhizobium (106-107), Azospirillum (106-107),and Thiobacillus (104 -109 ) were founded all of soil samples.iƒ“ 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: soil microbes, Wamena Biological Garden (WbiG).
TL;DR: This study is the first report of a soldier caste with morphological and reproductive division in the aphid tribe Nipponaphidini, and suggests that highly specialized soldier castes have evolved at least four times in aphids.
Abstract: We investigated demographic, morphological and histological aspects of Distylaphis foliorum, a gall-forming nipponaphidine aphid from Java, Indonesia, whose first instar nymphs had been reported to have enlarged forelegs and attack other insects. The gall inhabitants of D. foliorum consisted of two discrete populations; one developing normally and the other remaining at the first instar. Morphometric analysis identified two types of first instar nymphs; nymphs with relatively long forelegs and slender abdomen, and nymphs with relatively short forelegs and fat abdomen. The former nymphs were found from both young galls and mature galls, while the latter nymphs were from young galls only. Histological analysis strongly suggested a reproductive division in the first instar. In the former nymphs from mature galls, ovaries and mycetomes were degenerate and replaced by well-developed fat body cells. These results indicated that D. foliorum has a morphologically differentiated sterile soldier caste in the first instar. This study is the first report of a soldier caste with morphological and reproductive division in the aphid tribe Nipponaphidini, and suggests that highly specialized soldier castes have evolved at least four times in aphids.
TL;DR: It is suggested that single shoots of E. acoroides are able to grow in turbid water under low light conditions and assimilate sufficient carbon for their own maintenance but are not able to export to neighboring plant parts.
TL;DR: The prevalence data seemed to fluctuate between years, but their magnitude could be evaluated without multi-annual studies, and no particular preference in the efficacy of transmission could be demonstrated for either primary or secondary forests.
Abstract: Parasites were studied qualitatively and quantitatively from the blood of 859 birds mist-netted between 1998 and 2003 in Singapore, Peninsular Malaysia (Cameron Highland, Fraser's Hill, Pasoh and Johor), East Malaysia (Sarawak) and Indonesia (Java). The total prevalence and relative abundance of haemoparasitic infection in the birds were evaluated by location (study area) and habitat type (e.g. primary forest). Over 50% of the examined bird species were parasitized by more than one species, in some up to five. The greater research effort was invested in Fraser and Cameron, yielding the largest numbers of birds (340) and species (55), and contributing the largest share of the recovered haemoparasites. The Fraser's Hill collection yielded the highest prevalence. The prevalence in Cameron Highlands's birds varied annually. In the latter area, Leucocytozoon infection was consistently more prevalent than Haemoproteus. In the remaining study areas, the overall prevalence was considerably lower, usually...
TL;DR: The objective of study was to investigate the enzymatic activities of cellulolytic Actinomycetes in Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, and to measure the activity of CMC-ase.
Abstract: The objective of study was to investigate the enzymatic activities of cellulolytic Actinomycetes. The soil sample was collected from Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi. Actinomycetes was isolated by Casein Agar Medium, and its cellulolytic capacity was determined by measuring the activity of CMC-ase. Two isolates of cellulolytic Actinomycetes belonged to genus Streptomyces were isolated. The CMCase activity was 7.7 unit and 13.4 unit for isolate I and isolate II respectively. The Km of isolate I and isolate II were 1.356x 10-3 and 1.595x10-3 (% b/v) respectively. Vmaks of isolate I and II was 1.658 x10-4 and 6.166x 10-4 I¼g glukosa/mL enzyme /minute, respectively.© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Actinomyctes, Streptomyces, Celulolytic, Bukit Dua Belas National Park.
TL;DR: Five new resveratrol tetramers were isolated from the stem of Upuna borneensis and their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as FAB‐MS data.
Abstract: Five new resveratrol (=5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol) tetramers, upunaphenols H-J (1-3) and trans-(4) and cis-upunaphenol K (5), were isolated from the stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR as well as FAB-MS data. Compounds 1-3 bear a rare biphenyl bond in their frameworks. Compounds 1 and 2 have an unprecedented nonacyclic fused ring system, and compounds 2 and 3 have symmetrical structures.
TL;DR: Thirteen species in four genera of mites of thefamily Macrochelidae phoretic on dung beetles were collected in the eastern part of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, providing the first record of the family for that area.
Abstract: Thirteen species in four genera of mites of the family Macrochelidae phoretic on dung beetles were collected in the eastern part of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, providing the first record of the family for that area. Of these, two species, Macrocheles entetiensis Hartini and Takaku, sp. nov. and Macrocheles sumbaensis Hartini and Takaku, sp. nov., are new to science. The remaining 11 species are Glyptholaspis fimicola , Holostaspella bifoliata , Macrocheles baliensis , Macrocheles sp. aff. glaber , M. hallidayi , M. kraepelini , M. krantzi , M. limue , M. merdarius , M. oigru and Neopodocinum sinicum .