Institution
La Trobe University
Education•Melbourne, Victoria, Australia•
About: La Trobe University is a education organization based out in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 13370 authors who have published 41291 publications receiving 1138269 citations. The organization is also known as: LaTrobe University & LTU.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide and can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
Abstract: Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
472 citations
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TL;DR: The authors found that recasts appear to be most effective in contexts where it is clear to the learner that the recast is a reaction to the accuracy of the form, not the content, of the original utterance.
Abstract: Some researchers suggest that recasts are effective in showing learners how their current interlanguage differs from the target (Long & Robinson, 1998). Others have argued that recasts are ambiguous and may be perceived by the learner as confirmation of meaning rather than feedback on form (Lyster, 1998a). We review research on the effectiveness of recasts in first and second language acquisition, paying particular attention to how recasts have been defined and how their impact has been assessed in observational and experimental studies. We conclude that recasts appear to be most effective in contexts where it is clear to the learner that the recast is a reaction to the accuracy of the form, not the content, of the original utterance.
469 citations
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TL;DR: The emerging roles of exosomes in immune regulation and the therapeutic potential in cancer are reviewed and molecular mechanisms involved in immune cell targeting, interaction and manipulation are reviewed.
468 citations
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TL;DR: A potent inhibitory effect on the growth and development of larvae from the Lepidopteran species Helicoverpa punctigera is described, indicating that the cyclotide domains are excised and cyclized from all four predicted precursor proteins.
Abstract: Several members of the Rubiaceae and Violaceae families produce a series of cyclotides or macrocyclic peptides of 29–31 amino acids with an embedded cystine knot. We aim to understand the mechanism of synthesis of cyclic peptides in plants and have isolated a cDNA clone that encodes the cyclotide kalata B1 as well as three other clones for related cyclotides from the African plant Oldenlandia affinis. The cDNA clones encode prepropeptides with a 20-aa signal sequence, an N-terminal prosequence of 46–68 amino acids and one, two, or three cyclotide domains separated by regions of about 25 aa. The corresponding cyclotides have been isolated from plant material, indicating that the cyclotide domains are excised and cyclized from all four predicted precursor proteins. The exact processing site is likely to lie on the N-terminal side of the strongly conserved GlyLeuPro or SerLeuPro sequence that flanks both sides of the cyclotide domain. Cyclotides have previously been assigned an antimicrobial function; here we describe a potent inhibitory effect on the growth and development of larvae from the Lepidopteran species Helicoverpa punctigera.
467 citations
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University of Canterbury1, University of Queensland2, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation3, Griffith University4, Stockholm University5, Canadian Forest Service6, University of New South Wales7, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign8, La Trobe University9, University of Melbourne10
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how land-use change impacts functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities, using data from 18 landuse intensity gradients that represent five biomes and > 2800 species.
Abstract: Ecosystem resilience depends on functional redundancy (the number of species contributing similarly to an ecosystem function) and response diversity (how functionally similar species respond differently to disturbance). Here, we explore how land-use change impacts these attributes in plant communities, using data from 18 land-use intensity gradients that represent five biomes and > 2800 species. We identify functional groups using multivariate analysis of plant traits which influence ecosystem processes. Functional redundancy is calculated as the species richness within each group, and response diversity as the multivariate within-group dispersion in response trait space, using traits that influence responses to disturbances. Meta-analysis across all datasets showed that land-use intensification significantly reduced both functional redundancy and response diversity, although specific relationships varied considerably among the different land-use gradients. These results indicate that intensified management of ecosystems for resource extraction can increase their vulnerability to future disturbances.
466 citations
Authors
Showing all 13601 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Rasmus Nielsen | 135 | 556 | 84898 |
C. N. R. Rao | 133 | 1646 | 86718 |
James Whelan | 128 | 786 | 89180 |
Jacqueline Batley | 119 | 1212 | 68752 |
Eske Willerslev | 115 | 367 | 43039 |
Jonathan E. Shaw | 114 | 629 | 108114 |
Ary A. Hoffmann | 113 | 907 | 55354 |
Mike Clarke | 113 | 1037 | 164328 |
Richard J. Simpson | 113 | 850 | 59378 |
Alan F. Cowman | 111 | 379 | 38240 |
David C. Page | 110 | 509 | 44119 |
Richard Gray | 109 | 808 | 78580 |
David S. Wishart | 108 | 523 | 76652 |
Alan G. Marshall | 107 | 1060 | 46904 |
David A. Williams | 106 | 633 | 42058 |