Linköping University

About: Linköping University is a education organization based out in Linköping, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 15671 authors who have published 50013 publications receiving 1542189 citations.

Autophagy in cardiac myocyte homeostasis, aging, and pathology

Abstract: Autophagy, an intralysosomal degradation of cells' own constituents that includes macro-, micro-, and chaperone-mediated autophagy, plays an important role in the renewal of cardiac myocytes. This cell type is represented by long-lived postmitotic cells with very poor (if any) replacement through differentiation of stem cells. Macroautophagy, the most universal form of autophagy, is responsible for the degradation of various macromolecules and organelles including mitochondria and is activated in response to stress, promoting cell survival. This process is also involved in programmed cell death when injury is irreversible. Even under normal conditions, autophagy is somewhat imperfect, underlying gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria and lipofuscin granules within aging cardiac myocytes. Autophagy is involved in the most important cardiac pathologies including myocardial hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, and ischemic heart disease, a fact that has led to increasing attention to this process.

The Many Meanings of Occupational Competence and Qualification

Abstract: This book contains the following chapters: "The Demarcation Issue: Introduction" (Wim J. Nijhof, Jan N. Streumer); "Qualifying for the Future" (Wim J. Nijhof); "The Many Meanings of Occupational Competence and Qualification" (Per-Erik Ellstroem); "Qualification and Labour Markets: Institutionalisation and Individualisation" (Ben Hoevels); "The German 'Berufsprinzip' as a Model for Regulating Training Content and Qualification Standards" (Jochen Reuling); "The Demarcation Line in Funding for School-Based Vocational Education and Training in the United States" (George Copa); "A Converging System? Explaining Difference in the Academic and Vocational Tracks in England" (Tim Oates); "New Structures and New Contents in Dutch Vocational Education" (Jeroen Onstenk); "General versus Vocational Education--Demarcation and Integration" (Frank Achtenhagen); "Occupational Standards and Business Ethics" (Judith Marquand); "Designing Effective Learning Programs for the Development of a Broad Occupational Competence" (Alan Brown); "Generic Skills at Work: Implications for Occupationally Oriented Education" (Cathleen Stasz); "Competence Based Assessment: Does It Shift the Demarcation Lines?" (Alison Wolf); "The Knowledge and Skills of Economic Graduates and Their Significance on the Labour Market" (Hans Heijke, Ger Ramaekers); and "Moving beyond Traditional Vocational Education and Training" (Jan N. Streumer, David C. Bjorkquist). The book contains an index and contributors list. (YLB)

Sustained reduction of antibiotic use and low bacterial resistance: 10-year follow-up of the Swedish Strama programme.

Abstract: Increasing use of antibiotics and the spread of resistant pneumococcal clones in the early 1990s alarmed the medical profession and medical authorities in Sweden. Strama (Swedish Strategic Programme for the Rational Use of Antimicrobial Agents and Surveillance of Resistance) was therefore started in 1994 to provide surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance, and to implement the rational use of antibiotics and development of new knowledge. Between 1995 and 2004, antibiotic use for outpatients decreased from 15.7 to 12.6 defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day and from 536 to 410 prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants per year. The reduction was most prominent in children aged 5-14 years (52%) and for macrolides (65%). During this period, the number of hospital admissions for acute mastoiditis, rhinosinusitis, and quinsy (peritonsillar abscess) was stable or declining. Although the epidemic spread in southern Sweden of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was curbed, the national frequency increased from 4% to 6%. Resistance remained low in most other bacterial species during this period. This multidisciplinary, coordinated programme has contributed to the reduction of antibiotic use without measurable negative consequences. However, antibiotic resistance in several bacterial species is slowly increasing, which has led to calls for continued sustained efforts to preserve the effectiveness of available antibiotics.

Psychotherapy versus the combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression: a meta-analysis

Abstract: Background: A large number of studies have shown that psychological treatments have significant effects on depression. Although several studies have examined the relative effects of psychological and combined treatments, this has not been studied satisfactorily in recent statistical meta-analyses. Method: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized studies in which a psychological treatment was compared to a combined treatment consisting of the same psychological treatment with a pharmacological therapy. For each of these studies we calculated the effect size indicating the difference between the psychological and the combined treatment. Results: All inclusion criteria were met by 18 studies, with a total of 1,838 subjects. The mean effect size indicating the difference between psychological and combined treatment was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.240.45; Po0.001), with low heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses indicated that the difference between psychological and combined treatments was significantly smaller in studies in which cognitive behavior therapy was examined. We also found a trend (Po0.1) indicating that the difference between psychological and combined treatment was somewhat larger in studies aimed at specific populations (older adults, chronic depression, HIV patients) than in studies with adults, and in studies in which Trycyclic antidepressants or SSRIs were examined, compared to studies in which a medication protocol or another antidepressant was used. At follow-up, no difference between psychological and combined treatments was found. Conclusion: We conclude that combined treatment is more effective than psychological treatment alone. However, it is not clear whether this difference is relevant from a clinical perspective. Depression and Anxiety 26:279–288, 2009. r 2008 Wiley-Liss,