National Dairy Research Institute

About: National Dairy Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Karnāl, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sperm. The organization has 3228 authors who have published 3524 publications receiving 51151 citations. The organization is also known as: Imperial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying & Imperial Dairy Institute.

Moisture sorption characteristics of dried acid casein from buffalo skim milk

Abstract: Adsorption and desorption isotherms of dried acid casein prepared from buffalo skim milk were determined at 25°, 35° and 45 °C over a water activity range of 0.11–0.97 using static moisture gain/loss from test samples. Both the adsorption and desorption isotherms exhibited sigmoid shape corresponding to type II, typical to many foods. There was generally a negative temperature effect on equilibrium moisture content. The effect of temperature was, however, statistically not significant over the temperature range of 25–45 °C. Of the seven sorption models tested for fitting the sorption data, the GAB model gave the best fit at all the three temperatures. The temperature dependence of GAB parameters has been determined in the form of Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The calculated values of monolayer moisture content from BET isotherm equation have been found to be lower than the corresponding values found by using GAB equation. However, in both cases the monolayer moisture was higher in desorption than the adsorption and deceased with increase in temperature. The net isosteric heat of sorption decreased exponentially with increasing moisture content and approached a constant value of 0.331 kJ/mol at moisture content 28 g/100 g (d.b.). The moisture sorption hysteresis observed at 25°, 35° and 45 C was statistically significant. The extent of hysteresis was negligible in monolayer moisture content region, occurred predominantly in the water activity range 0.35–0.60 and decreased at higher water activities. Total hysteresis energy was evaluated from the sorption data using Everett and Whitton plot. The effect of increase in temperature was to decrease the amount of hysteresis.

Potential roles of neutrophils in maintaining the health and productivity of dairy cows during various physiological and physiopathological conditions: a review.

Abstract: Neutrophils represent the first line of innate immunity and are the most prominent line of cellular defence against invading microorganisms. On stimulation, they can quickly move through the walls of veins and into the tissues of the body to immediately attack or monitor the foreign antigens. Neutrophils are highly versatile and sophisticated cells which are endowed with highly sensitive receptor-based perception systems. They were traditionally classified as short-lived phagocytes actively involved during infection and inflammation, but recently, it has been seen that neutrophils are capable of detecting the presence of sperms during insemination as well as an implanting embryo in the female reproductive tract. These specialised phagocytes play a major role in tissue remodelling and wound healing, and maintain homeostasis during parturition, expulsion of placenta, folliculogenesis, corpus luteum formation and luteolysis. Here, we review the role played by neutrophils in maintaining homeostasis during normal and inflammatory conditions of dairy cattle. We have summarised the alteration in the expression of some cell adhesion molecules and cytokines on bovine neutrophils during different physiological and physiopathological conditions. Some emerging issues in the field of neutrophil biology and the possible strategies to strengthen their activity during the period of immunosuppression have also been discussed.

Studies on the properties of cellulase enzyme from Aspergillus terreus GN1

Abstract: The cellulase enzyme is produced by cellulolytic microorganisms and is able to degrade cellulose materials. It has assumed greater importance due to its potential use in modifying low-grade roughages, the production of syrups, powering alcohol from cellulosic wastes, and other applications such as single-cell protein production. This paper studies the properties of a cellulase enzyme system from Aspergillus terreus GN1 and the effect of various modulators on its activity. (Refs. 18).

Effect of Vitamin E and Zinc Supplementation on Energy Metabolites, Lipid Peroxidation, and Milk Production in Peripartum Sahiwal Cows

Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and zinc supplementation on energy metabolites, lipid peroxidation, and milk production in peripartum Sahiwal cows. For this, thirty-two pregnant dry Sahiwal cows were selected at sixty days prepartum and divided into four groups viz control, T1, T2, and T3 of eight each. Group T1 were supplemented with zinc at 60 ppm/d/cow, group T2 were supplemented with vitamin E at 1,000 IU/d/cow and group T3 were supplemented with combination of vitamin E at 1,000 IU/d/cow and zinc at 60 ppm/d/cow during d 60 prepartum to d 90 postpartum. Blood samples were collected on d −60, −45, −30, −15, −7, −3, 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 with respect to day of parturition and analysed for glucose, non esterified fatty acid, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. Body condition score was maintained significantly better (p<0.05) in T3 than in the control, T1 and T2 groups. Overall glucose level was higher (p<0.05) in T3 than control, T1, and T2 groups. Levels of nonesterified fatty acid, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were lower (p<0.05) in T3 than control, T1, and T2 groups. Milk yield was higher (p<0.05) in T3 than control, T1, and T2 groups. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the supplementation of vitamin E and zinc in peripartum Sahiwal cows enhanced milk production by reducing negative energy balance.