National Dairy Research Institute

About: National Dairy Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Karnāl, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sperm. The organization has 3228 authors who have published 3524 publications receiving 51151 citations. The organization is also known as: Imperial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying & Imperial Dairy Institute.

Effect of incorporation of sodium caseinate, whey protein concentrate and transglutaminase on the properties of depigmented pearl millet based gluten free pasta

Abstract: The current investigation reports the preparation of gluten free pasta from depigmented pearl millet flour blended individually with sodium caseinate (SC) (10 and 20%) and 1:1 combination of sodium caseinate and whey protein concentrate (SCW) (10 and 20%), both treated with and without transglutaminase (TG) enzyme (0.5 and 1.5%). SC addition (at 10 and 20%) maintained the cooking loss (10.38 ± 0.25 and 11.08 ± 1.71) and yellowness (b*) (16.11 ± 0.29 and 15.79 ± 0.32) as like control sample, decreased the water absorption (1.73 ± 0.19 and 1.47 ± 0.04), brightness (L*) (42.10 ± 0.49) (at 20%), pasting properties, and increased the redness (a*) (2.81 ± 0.10 and 3.58 ± 0.16) and sensory attributes (except colour and adhesiveness). The combination of SCW (at 10 and 20%) decreased the cooking loss (6.90 ± 0.00 and 5.99 ± 0.11), water absorption (1.92 ± 0.05 and 1.72 ± 0.08), pasting properties and increased L*, a*, b* (46.83 ± 0.45, 2.53 ± 0.09, 17.08 ± 0.20) (at 10%) and sensory attributes (except colour and adhesiveness). TG addition increased the cooking loss, water absoprtion and pasting properties (in all the samples). Protein solubility (%) decreased with increase in the enzyme concentration confirmed with electrophoretic patterns. Moreover, the TG treatment imparts tenderness and chewiness to pasta. Hence, the present combination could be useful for preparation of good quality of gluten free pasta.

Effect of nutritional factors on cellulase enzyme and microbial protein production by Aspergillus terreus and its evaluation.

Abstract: The biomass yield, cellulolytic activity, and protein recovery using Aspergillus terreus GN1 with alkali-treated sugarcane bagasse was studied using different levels (250–600 mg of N/L of broth) of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. e.g., cattle urine, urea, cornsteep liquor, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium iron sulfate, ammonium chloride, and sodium nitrate. Among different levels of alkali-treated bagasse substrate concentrations (0.5–4.0% w/v) tested, 1.0% substrate yielded the highest crude protein content, protein recovery, and cellulolytic activity. The biomass recovery with 1.0% substrate ranged from 290–380 mg/500 mg bagasse substrate in a 50-mL broth with a nitrogen level of 250–600 mg of N/L in all the sources except ammonium iron sulfate, which yielded 402–439 mg/500 mg bagasse substrate. However, crude protein content of biomass obtained with an ammonium iron sulfate nitrogen source was the lowest. Cornsteep liquor nitrogen source at the rate of 600 mg of N/L yielded the maximum crude protein of 32.9%, protein recovery of 22.2 g/100 g of bagasse, and carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper enzyme activities of 1.1 and 0.09 units/mL, among the organic and inorganic nitrogen sources studied. In general, the organic nitrogen sources and inorganic nonammonium nitrogen sources were utilized preferentially for protein production over the inorganic ammonium nitrogen sources. The fermentation time required under optimum cultural and nutritional conditions for A. terreus GN1 was also evaluated. The crude protein content of the biomass increased gradually up to the seventh day of fermentation, but the protein recovery rate was high up to two or three days. It was observed that the cellulose utilization rate increased after an initial lag of one day up to the third day and gradually increased further, which corresponded positively with protein content, biomass protein recovery, and cellulase enzyme activity. On the seventh day of fermentation, the crude protein content, biomass protein recovery, water-soluble carbohydrate, bagasse cellulose utilization, CMCase, and FPase activities were 32.8%, 20.1 g/100 g of bagasse, 6.2%, 82.7%, 1.0. and 0.08 U/mL, respectively. The final biomass recovered contained 32.8% crude protein content and had an in vitro rumen digestibility (IVRD) coefficient of 68.8%. The biomass contained almost all the essential and nonessential amino acids and was comparable with FAO reference protein. It is concluded that a fermentation time of 72 h gave a faster rate of protein production of 16.9 g/100 g of bagasse with 69.8% bagasse cellulose utilization with 76.0% IVRD. and contained almost all the essential and nonessential amino acids.

HIV Stigma in Prisons and Jails: Results from a Staff Survey

Abstract: With numerous HIV service gaps in prisons and jails, there has been little research on HIV stigma attitudes among correctional staff. Such attitudes may undermine HIV services for inmates at risk of or infected with HIV. This HIV stigma attitudes survey among 218 correctional staff in 32 US facilities (1) provides an overview of staff’s stigma attitudes, (2) reports psychometric analyses of domains in Earnshaw and Chaudoir’s HIV Stigma Framework (HSF), and (3) explores differences in stigma attitudes among different staff types. Overall, correctional and medical staff expressed non stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS, but perceived that stigma and discrimination exist in others. Factor analyses revealed a three factor structure capturing two mechanisms of the HSF (prejudice, discrimination). Few factor score differences were found by staff type or setting. Implications for correctional HIV services and future research on HIV stigma attitudes are discussed.

Interspecies diversity, safety and probiotic potential of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium isolated from dairy food and human faeces

Abstract: In the present study 14 bacteriocinogenic strains of Enterococcus faecium isolated from dairy foods and faecal sample were evaluated for the presence of virulence determinants, production of biogenic amines and their susceptibility to various antibiotics. Genetic diversity among them was evaluated by RAPD-PCR method. Further, they were evaluated for their probiotic potential under in vitro trials. The efaAfm was the only virulence trait detected in all E. faecium and tyramine was the only biogenic amine produced by 9 tested strains. No strain was resistant to all antibiotics and for some strains, multiple resistances were observed. E. faecium FH 99 showed highest good ability to tolerate acid and bile, while good bile salt hydrolase activity and were able to assimilate cholesterol from growth media. These results suggest that the tested E. faecium are generally free from virulence traits and having good probiotic potential and may be exploit in dairy industry and probiotic preparations.

Evaluation of Bovine High-Density SNP Genotyping Array in Indigenous Dairy Cattle Breeds.

Abstract: In total 52 samples of Sahiwal ( 19 ), Tharparkar ( 17 ), and Gir ( 16 ) were genotyped by using BovineHD SNP chip to analyze minor allele frequency (MAF), genetic diversity, and linkage disequilibrium among these cattle. The common SNPs of BovineHD and 54K SNP Chips were also extracted and evaluated for their performance. Only 40%-50% SNPs of these arrays was found informative for genetic analysis in these cattle breeds. The overall mean of MAF for SNPs of BovineHD SNPChip was 0.248 ± 0.006, 0.241 ± 0.007, and 0.242 ± 0.009 in Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Gir, respectively, while that for 54K SNPs was on lower side. The average Reynold's genetic distance between breeds ranged from 0.042 to 0.055 based on BovineHD Beadchip, and from 0.052 to 0.084 based on 54K SNP Chip. The estimates of genetic diversity based on HD and 54K chips were almost same and, hence, low density chip seems to be good enough to decipher genetic diversity of these cattle breeds. The linkage disequilibrium started decaying (r2 < 0.2) at 140 kb inter-marker distance and, hence, a 20K low density customized SNP array from HD chip could be designed for genomic selection in these cattle else the 54K Bead Chip as such will be useful.