National Dairy Research Institute

About: National Dairy Research Institute is a facility organization based out in Karnāl, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sperm. The organization has 3228 authors who have published 3524 publications receiving 51151 citations. The organization is also known as: Imperial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying & Imperial Dairy Institute.

“Potential Health Benefits of Lunasin: A Multifaceted Soy‐Derived Bioactive Peptide”

Abstract: Bioactive peptides are small protein fragments derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of food proteins, fermentation with proteolytic starter cultures, and gastrointestinal digestion. These peptides have positive impacts on a number of physiological functions in living beings. Lunasin, a soy-derived bioactive peptide, is one of the most promising among them. Lunasin encoded within 2S albumin (GM2S-1) gene, identified as a novel peptide extracted from soybean seed. It is composed of 43 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 5.5 kDa. Extensive scientific studies have shown that lunasin possesses inherent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous properties and could also play a vital role in regulating of cholesterol biosynthesis in the body. Its high bioavailability and heat stable nature allow its potential use as dietary supplement. The present review summarizes some of the potential health and therapeutic benefits of lunasin reported hitherto.

Phage therapy for treatment of virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a mouse model.

Abstract: Objectives Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important emerging pathogen of humans and animals leading to serious clinical consequences. Increased antibiotic use has promoted the emergence of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Recently, phage therapy has gained momentum as a possible alternative against emerging antimicrobial resistance. This study was performed to assess the therapeutic effects of a novel lytic phage (VTCCBPA43) in a pneumonic mouse model in order to explore the efficacy of phage therapy against virulent K. pneumoniae infection. Methods The tailed phage VTCCBPA43 was assessed for its growth kinetics, in vitro host range, and temperature and pH sensitivity. Protein constituents were analysed by SDS-PAGE and nLC-MS/MS. Therapeutic efficacy was observed 2 h post-challenge with virulent K. pneumoniae in a BALB/c mouse model. Results Phage VTCCBPA43 was found to be highly temperature-tolerant (up to 80 °C). It was most active at pH 5, had a burst size of 172 PFU/mL and exhibited a narrow host range. It was identified as a KP36-like phage by shotgun proteomics. Following intranasal application of a single dose (2 × 109 PFU/mouse) post-challenge with virulent K. pneumoniae, the presence of biologically active phage in vivo and a significant reduction in the lung bacterial load at all time points was observed. A reduction in lesion severity suggested overall beneficial effects of VTCCBPA43 phage therapy in the pneumonic mouse model. Conclusion This research represents the first in vivo evidence of effective phage therapy against K. pneumoniae infection by the intranasal route.

Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacillus sp. Isolated from Commercial Probiotic Preparations

Abstract: The aim of our study was to assess the antibiotic resistance among commercially available probiotic Lactobacilli A total of 30 isolates were characterized after isolation from 19 commercial products, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum All the isolates were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion method against a total of 45 antibiotics Most of the isolates were found to exhibit multiple resistance against some of the most commonly used antibiotics The isolates showed high level of resistance toward nalidixic acid, vancomycin, kanamycin, teicoplanin, co-trimoxazole, amikacin, streptomycin, norfloxacin, cefepime and nitrofurantoin Besides, isolates displayed a low level of resistance toward tobramycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, cefaclor, methicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, amoxyclav, sulbactam, oxacillin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cloxacillin and novobiocin All the isolates were found to be susceptible against cefatrixone, ceftazidime, cefadroxil, cefotaxime, cephalothin, cefoperazone and netillin, whereas none of the strains showed resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin and doxycycline The present study showed that antibiotic resistance is prevalent in different species of probiotic strains, which may pose a food safety concern Hence, antibiotic sensitivity should be considered as an important part of safety assessment for the evaluation of probiotics Practical Applications Antibiotic resistance has become a major public health concern and is drawing the interest of health and research professionals all around the world Commercial probiotics are generally considered as safe for humans but due to their very high consumption there is a need to put sufficient safeguards to protect the consumers from any adverse effects The safety of these probiotic strains is becoming prerequisite with antibiotic resistance as an emerging issue and their potential to transfer antibiotic resistance genes to pathogenic/commensal bacteria cannot be neglected The anticipated problem is that probiotic strains and starter cultures might contain naturally occurring antibiotic resistance genes which if present on mobile genetic elements can be transferred to commensal and pathogenic organisms in the gut The European Food Safety Authority recommends that bacterial strains harboring transferable antibiotic resistance genes should not be used in animal feeds, fermented and probiotic foods for human use