Institution
Research Triangle Park
Nonprofit•Durham, North Carolina, United States•
About: Research Triangle Park is a nonprofit organization based out in Durham, North Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 24961 authors who have published 35800 publications receiving 1684504 citations. The organization is also known as: RTP.
Topics: Population, Receptor, Health care, Gene, Environmental exposure
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is shown that PPAR-γ is markedly upregulated in activated macrophages and inhibits the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, gelatinase B and scavenger receptor A genes in response to 15d-PGJ2 and synthetic PPar-γ ligands, suggesting that PPARS and locally produced prostaglandin D2 metabolites are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses.
Abstract: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors that is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, adrenal gland and spleen PPAR-gamma has been demonstrated to regulate adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis in response to several structurally distinct compounds, including thiazolidinediones and fibrates Naturally occurring compounds such as fatty acids and the prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) bind to PPAR-gamma and stimulate transcription of target genes Prostaglandin D2 metabolites have not yet been identified in adipose tissue, but are major products of arachidonic-acid metabolism in macrophages, raising the possibility that they might serve as endogenous PPAR-gamma ligands in this cell type Here we show that PPAR-gamma is markedly upregulated in activated macrophages and inhibits the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, gelatinase B and scavenger receptor A genes in response to 15d-PGJ2 and synthetic PPAR-gamma ligands PPAR-gamma inhibits gene expression in part by antagonizing the activities of the transcription factors AP-1, STAT and NF-kappaB These observations suggest that PPAR-gamma and locally produced prostaglandin D2 metabolites are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses, and raise the possibility that synthetic PPAR-gamma ligands may be of therapeutic value in human diseases such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in which activated macrophages exert pathogenic effects
3,587 citations
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TL;DR: Low health literacy was consistently associated with more hospitalizations; greater use of emergency care; lower receipt of mammography screening and influenza vaccine; poorer ability to demonstrate taking medications appropriately; poorer able to interpret labels and health messages; and, among elderly persons, poorer overall health status and higher mortality rates.
Abstract: Health literacy has been associated with health-related knowledge and patient comprehension. This systematic review updates a 2004 review and found 96 eligible studies that suggest that low health ...
3,457 citations
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TL;DR: The number of people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in California seems to have decreased over the same time period, where exposure is determined by the reported time spent with a smoker.
Abstract: Because human activities impact the timing, location, and degree of pollutant exposure, they play a key role in explaining exposure variation. This fact has motivated the collection of activity pattern data for their specific use in exposure assessments. The largest of these recent efforts is the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS), a 2-year probability-based telephone survey ( n=9386) of exposure-related human activities in the United States (U.S.) sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The primary purpose of NHAPS was to provide comprehensive and current exposure information over broad geographical and temporal scales, particularly for use in probabilistic population exposure models. NHAPS was conducted on a virtually daily basis from late September 1992 through September 1994 by the University of Maryland's Survey Research Center using a computer-assisted telephone interview instrument (CATI) to collect 24-h retrospective diaries and answers to a number of personal and exposure-related questions from each respondent. The resulting diary records contain beginning and ending times for each distinct combination of location and activity occurring on the diary day (i.e., each microenvironment). Between 340 and 1713 respondents of all ages were interviewed in each of the 10 EPA regions across the 48 contiguous states. Interviews were completed in 63% of the households contacted. NHAPS respondents reported spending an average of 87% of their time in enclosed buildings and about 6% of their time in enclosed vehicles. These proportions are fairly constant across the various regions of the U.S. and Canada and for the California population between the late 1980s, when the California Air Resources Board (CARB) sponsored a state-wide activity pattern study, and the mid-1990s, when NHAPS was conducted. However, the number of people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in California seems to have decreased over the same time period, where exposure is determined by the reported time spent with a smoker. In both California and the entire nation, the most time spent exposed to ETS was reported to take place in residential locations.
3,400 citations
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TL;DR: The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement as discussed by the authors is used worldwide to improve the reporting of randomized, controlled trials. Schulz and colleagues describe the latest version, CONSORT 2010, which updates the reporting guideline based on new methodological evidence and accumulating experience.
Abstract: The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement is used worldwide to improve the reporting of randomized, controlled trials. Schulz and colleagues describe the latest version, CONSORT 2010, which updates the reporting guideline based on new methodological evidence and accumulating experience.
3,352 citations
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TL;DR: The SPIRIT 2013 Explanation and Elaboration paper provides important information to promote full understanding of the checklist recommendations and strongly recommends that this explanatory paper be used in conjunction with the SPIRit Statement.
Abstract: High quality protocols facilitate proper conduct, reporting, and external review
of clinical trials. However, the completeness of trial protocols is often
inadequate. To help improve the content and quality of protocols, an
international group of stakeholders developed the SPIRIT 2013 Statement
(Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials). The SPIRIT
Statement provides guidance in the form of a checklist of recommended items to
include in a clinical trial protocol. This SPIRIT 2013 Explanation and Elaboration paper provides important
information to promote full understanding of the checklist recommendations. For
each checklist item, we provide a rationale and detailed description; a model
example from an actual protocol; and relevant references supporting its
importance. We strongly recommend that this explanatory paper be used in
conjunction with the SPIRIT Statement. A website of resources is also available
(www.spirit-statement.org). The SPIRIT 2013 Explanation and Elaboration paper, together with the Statement,
should help with the drafting of trial protocols. Complete documentation of key
trial elements can facilitate transparency and protocol review for the benefit
of all stakeholders.
3,108 citations
Authors
Showing all 25006 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Douglas G. Altman | 253 | 1001 | 680344 |
Lewis C. Cantley | 196 | 748 | 169037 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Daniel J. Jacob | 162 | 656 | 76530 |
Christopher P. Cannon | 151 | 1118 | 108906 |
James B. Meigs | 147 | 574 | 115899 |
Lawrence Corey | 146 | 773 | 78105 |
Jeremy K. Nicholson | 141 | 773 | 80275 |
Paul M. Matthews | 140 | 617 | 88802 |
Herbert Y. Meltzer | 137 | 1148 | 81371 |
Charles J. Yeo | 136 | 672 | 76424 |
Benjamin F. Cravatt | 131 | 666 | 61932 |
Timothy R. Billiar | 131 | 838 | 66133 |
Peter Brown | 129 | 908 | 68853 |
King K. Holmes | 124 | 606 | 56192 |