Shanghai University

About: Shanghai University is a education organization based out in Shanghai, Shanghai, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Microstructure & Catalysis. The organization has 59583 authors who have published 56840 publications receiving 753549 citations. The organization is also known as: Shànghǎi Dàxué.

Defect states in hexagonal boron nitride: Assignments of observed properties and prediction of properties relevant to quantum computation

Abstract: Key properties of nine possible defect sites in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), ${V}_{\mathrm{N}},{{V}_{\mathrm{N}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{N}},{V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{B}},{V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{B}},{V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{B}},{V}_{\mathrm{B}}{C}_{\mathrm{N}},{V}_{\mathrm{B}}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{N}}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{\mathrm{N}}$, and ${V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, are predicted using density-functional theory and are corrected by applying results from high-level ab initio calculations. Observed h-BN electron-paramagnetic resonance signals at 22.4, 20.83, and 352.70 MHz are assigned to ${V}_{\mathrm{N}},{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{N}}$, and ${V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{B}}$, respectively, while the observed photoemission at 1.95 eV is assigned to ${V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{B}}$. Detailed consideration of the available excited states, allowed spin-orbit couplings, zero-field splitting, and optical transitions is made for the two related defects ${V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ and ${V}_{\mathrm{B}}{C}_{\mathrm{N}}$. ${V}_{\mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ is proposed for realizing long-lived quantum memory in h-BN. ${V}_{\mathrm{B}}{C}_{\mathrm{N}}$ is predicted to have a triplet ground state, implying that spin initialization by optical means is feasible and suitable optical excitations are identified, making this defect of interest for possible quantum-qubit operations.

WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Regulating T Cell-Inflammation in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Abstract: Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has greatly prolonged the overall survival of cancer patients in melanoma and many other cancer types. However, only a subset of patients shows clinical responses from these interventions, which was predicated by the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment. T cell-inflamed phenotype is characterized by the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, CD8α/CD103-lineage dendritic cells (DCs), as well as high density of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. A number of regulators has been associated with T cell-inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, and WNT/β-catenin signaling is one of the best characterized. The tumor-intrinsic WNT/β-catenin signaling activation is frequently associated with poor spontaneous T cell infiltration across most human cancers. In this article, we review the essential roles of WNT/β-catenin signaling in the T cell-inflamed and non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment, including the development and function of immune cells, activation of immune exclusion of tumor cells, and cancer immunosurveillance. We also discuss the impact of this pathway in driving the non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in other tumor types. To improve immunotherapy efficacy, we argue that targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling should be a high priority for combinational cancer therapy to restore T cell infiltration.

Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanisms and Therapy.

Abstract: The gut microbiota plays critical roles in development of obese-related metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes(T2D), and insulin resistance(IR), highlighting the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in these diseases. There are various ways that gut microbiota can be manipulated, including through use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and some active components from herbal medicines. In this review, we review the main roles of gut microbiota in mediating the development of NAFLD, and the advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapies for NAFLD in both the experimental and clinical studies, as well as the conclusions on the prospect of gut microbiota-targeted therapies in the future.