Shanghai University

About: Shanghai University is a education organization based out in Shanghai, Shanghai, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Microstructure & Catalysis. The organization has 59583 authors who have published 56840 publications receiving 753549 citations. The organization is also known as: Shànghǎi Dàxué.

Test-Time Training with Self-Supervision for Generalization under Distribution Shifts

Abstract: In this paper, we propose Test-Time Training, a general approach for improving the performance of predictive models when training and test data come from different distributions. We turn a single unlabeled test sample into a self-supervised learning problem, on which we update the model parameters before making a prediction. This also extends naturally to data in an online stream. Our simple approach leads to improvements on diverse image classification benchmarks aimed at evaluating robustness to distribution shifts.

N, P, S co-doped hollow carbon polyhedra derived from MOF-based core–shell nanocomposites for capacitive deionization

Abstract: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a prospective technique for desalination of saline water on account of its lower cost, lower energy-consumption, and absence of secondary pollution. In this work, capacitive deionization of saline water using N, P, S co-doped hollow carbon polyhedra derived from MOF-based core–shell nanocomposites has been demonstrated. N, P, S co-doped hollow carbon polyhedra were rationally designed and originally synthesized from MOF-based core–shell nanocomposites by using poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) coated zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (denoted as ZIF-8@PZS-C). Choosing poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) as an N, P, S co-doping source and carbon source, and ZIF-8 as a structural template which also acts as an additional N-doping source, ZIF-8@PZS-C was created with a superior hollow structure, high surface area, improved electrical conductivity and an excellent hydrophilic surface. Due to the multi-synergy of these characteristics, the ZIF-8@PZS-C electrodes have lower internal impedance, larger specific capacitance and great cycling stability. What's more, the ZIF-8@PZS-C electrodes display a high salt electrosorption performance of 22.19 mg g−1 at 1.2 V in a NaCl solution of 500 mg L−1. Furthermore, the as-prepared electrodes exhibit good stability and regeneration performance. Hence, the N, P, S co-doped hollow carbon polyhedra should be considered as a promising alternative electrode material for capacitive deionization. This work may open the door for the application of multiple heteroatom co-doped hollow carbon materials for the deionization of saline water.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of VO2 Polymorphs: Advantages, Challenges and Prospects for the Application of Energy Efficient Smart Windows

Abstract: Vanadium dioxide (VO2 ) is a widely studied inorganic phase change material, which has a reversible phase transition from semiconducting monoclinic to metallic rutile phase at a critical temperature of τc ≈ 68 °C. The abrupt decrease of infrared transmittance in the metallic phase makes VO2 a potential candidate for thermochromic energy efficient windows to cut down building energy consumption. However, there are three long-standing issues that hindered its application in energy efficient windows: high τc , low luminous transmittance (Tlum ), and undesirable solar modulation ability (ΔTsol ). Many approaches, including nano-thermochromism, porous films, biomimetic surface reconstruction, gridded structures, antireflective overcoatings, etc, have been proposed to tackle these issues. The first approach-nano-thermochromism-which is to integrate VO2 nanoparticles in a transparent matrix, outperforms the rest; while the thermochromic performance is determined by particle size, stoichiometry, and crystallinity. A hydrothermal method is the most common method to fabricate high-quality VO2 nanoparticles, and has its own advantages of large-scale synthesis and precise phase control of VO2 . This Review focuses on hydrothermal synthesis, physical properties of VO2 polymorphs, and their transformation to thermochromic VO2 (M), and discusses the advantages, challenges, and prospects of VO2 (M) in energy-efficient smart windows application.

Targeted production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria to overcome cancer drug resistance.

Abstract: Multidrug resistance is a major challenge to cancer chemotherapy. The multidrug resistance phenotype is associated with the overexpression of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven transmembrane efflux pumps in cancer cells. Here, we report a lipid membrane-coated silica-carbon (LSC) hybrid nanoparticle that targets mitochondria through pyruvate, to specifically produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The ROS can oxidize the NADH into NAD+ to reduce the amount of ATP available for the efflux pumps. The treatment with LSC nanoparticles and NIR laser irradiation also reduces the expression and increases the intracellular distribution of the efflux pumps. Consequently, multidrug-resistant cancer cells lose their multidrug resistance capability for at least 5 days, creating a therapeutic window for chemotherapy. Our in vivo data show that the drug-laden LSC nanoparticles in combination with NIR laser treatment can effectively inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant tumors with no evident systemic toxicity.

Enhanced capacitive deionization of graphene/mesoporous carbon composites

Abstract: Capacitive deionization (CDI) with low-energy consumption and no secondary waste is emerging as a novel desalination technology. Graphene/mesoporous carbon (GE/MC) composites have been prepared via a direct triblock-copolymer-templating method and used as CDI electrodes for the first time. The influences of GE content on the textural properties and electrochemical performance were studied. The transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis indicate that mesoporous structures are well retained and the composites display improved specific surface area and pore size distribution, as well as pore volume. Well dispersed GE nanosheets are deduced to be beneficial for enhanced electrical conductivity. The electrochemical performance of electrodes in an NaCl aqueous solution was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The composite electrodes perform better on the capacitance values, conductive behaviour, rate performance and cyclic stability. The desalination capacity of the electrodes was evaluated by a batch mode electrosorptive experiment and the amount of adsorbed ions can reach 731 μg g−1 for the GE/MC composite electrode with a GE content of 5 wt%, which is much higher than that of MC alone (590 μg g−1). The enhanced CDI performance of the composite electrodes can be attributed to the better conductive behaviour and higher specific surface area.