Showing papers by "Université Nantes Angers Le Mans published in 2014"
TL;DR: The combination of pretest clinical probability assessment with age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff was associated with a larger number of patients in whom PE could be considered ruled out with a low likelihood of subsequent clinical venous thromboembolism.
Abstract: RESULTS Of the 3346 patients with suspected PE included, the prevalence of PE was 19%. Among the 2898 patients with a nonhigh or an unlikely clinical probability, 817 patients (28.2%) had a D-dimer level lower than 500 μg/L (95% CI, 26.6%-29.9%) and 337 patients (11.6%) had a D-dimer between 500 μg/L and their age-adjusted cutoff (95% CI, 10.5%-12.9%). The 3-month failure rate in patients with a D-dimer level higher than 500 μg/L but below the age-adjusted cutoff was 1 of 331 patients (0.3% [95% CI, 0.1%-1.7%]). Among the 766 patients 75 years or older, of whom 673 had a nonhigh clinical probability, using the age-adjusted cutoff instead of the 500 μg/L cutoff increased the proportion of patients in whom PE could be excluded on the basis of D-dimer from 43 of 673 patients (6.4% [95% CI, 4.8%-8.5%) to 200 of 673 patients (29.7% [95% CI, 26.4%-33.3%), without any additional false-negative findings. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Compared with a fixed D-dimer cutoff of 500 μg/L, the combination of pretest clinical probability assessment with age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff was associated with a larger number of patients in whom PE could be considered ruled out with a low likelihood of subsequent clinical venous thromboembolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01134068
666 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an experimental study on relative gas and water permeabilities of ordinary concrete versus its saturation degree, which showed the influence of the saturation degree of concrete on the variation of water and gas permeabilities.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis and the physico-chemical characterization of HETPHEN based heteroleptic copper(I)−bis(diimine) complexes are reported for TiO2 based dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs).
Abstract: The synthesis and the physico-chemical characterization of HETPHEN based heteroleptic copper(I)–bis(diimine) complexes are reported. For TiO2 based dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs), the latter display impressive photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs), unprecedented for first row transition metal coordination complexes.
87 citations
TL;DR: Toxin extracts obtained from collected biomass were purified using different techniques such as liquid-liquid partition or size exclusion, and open-column chromatography with Sephadex LH20 phase yielded the best results with a cleanup efficiency of 93% and recovery of about 85%, representing an increase of toxin percentage by 13 fold.
Abstract: Ostreopsis cf. ovata produces palytoxin analogues including ovatoxins (OVTXs) and a putative palytoxin (p-PLTX), which can accumulate in marine organisms and may possibly lead to food intoxication. However, purified ovatoxins are not widely available and their toxicities are still unknown. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the ecophysiology of Ostreopsis cf. ovata and its toxin production as well as to optimize the purification process for ovatoxin. During Ostreopsis blooms in 2011 and 2012 in Villefranche-sur-Mer (France, NW Mediterranean Sea), microalgae epiphytic cells and marine organisms were collected and analyzed both by LC-MS/MS and hemolysis OPEN ACCESS Mar. Drugs 2014, 12 2852 assay. Results obtained with these two methods were comparable, suggesting ovatoxins have hemolytic properties. An average of 223 μg· kg −1 of palytoxin equivalent of whole flesh was found, thus exceeding the threshold of 30 μg· kg −1 in shellfish recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Ostreopsis cells showed the same toxin profile both in situ and in laboratory culture, with ovatoxin-a (OVTX-a) being the most abundant analogue (~50%), followed by OVTX-b (~15%), p-PLTX (12%), OVTX-d (8%), OVTX-c (5%) and OVTX-e (4%). Ostreopsis cf. ovata produced up to 2 g of biomass per L of culture, with a maximum concentration of 300 pg PLTX equivalent cell −1. Thus, an approximate amount of 10 mg of PLTX-group toxins may be produced with 10 L of this strain. Toxin extracts obtained from collected biomass were purified using different techniques such as liquid-liquid partition or size exclusion. Among these methods, open-column chromatography with Sephadex LH20 phase yielded the best results with a cleanup efficiency of 93% and recovery of about 85%, representing an increase of toxin percentage by 13 fold. Hence, this purification step should be incorporated into future isolation exercises.
78 citations
23 Apr 2014
TL;DR: This review is based on current knowledge on bud outgrowth-related mechanisms and light-mediated regulation of many physiological processes and provides an extensive, though not exhaustive, overview of the findings related to this field.
Abstract: Branching determines the final shape of plants, which influences adaptation, survival and the visual quality of many species. It is an intricate process that includes bud outgrowth and shoot extension, and these in turn respond to environmental cues and light conditions. Light is a powerful environmental factor that impacts multiple processes throughout plant life. The molecular basis of the perception and transduction of the light signal within buds is poorly understood and undoubtedly requires to be further unravelled. This review is based on current knowledge on bud outgrowth-related mechanisms and light-mediated regulation of many physiological processes. It provides an extensive, though not exhaustive, overview of the findings related to this field. In parallel, it points to issues to be addressed in the near future.
74 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that all PG parts are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in mice, and could be partially explained by an improved inflammatory and oxidative status.
Abstract: Recently, nutritional and pharmaceutical benefits of pomegranate (PG) have raised a growing scientific interest. Since PG is endowed with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, we hypothesized that it may have beneficial effects on osteoporosis.
We used ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a well-described model of postmenopausal osteoporosis to study the influence of PG consumption on bone health. Mice were divided into five groups as following: two control groups sham-operated and ovariectomized (OVX CT) mice fed a standard diet, versus three treated groups OVX mice given a modified diet from the AIN-93G diet, containing 5.7 % of PG lyophilized mashed totum (OVX PGt), or 9.6 % of PG fresh juice (OVX PGj) or 2.9 % of PG lyophilized mashed peel (OVX PGp). As expected, ovariectomy was associated with a decreased femoral bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone micro-architecture parameters. Consumption of PGj, PGp, or PGt induced bone-sparing effects in those OVX mice, both on femoral BMD and bone micro-architecture parameters. In addition, PG (whatever the part) up-regulated osteoblast activity and decreased the expression of osteoclast markers, when compared to what was observed in OVX CT animals. Consistent with the data related to bone parameters, PG consumption elicited a lower expression of pro-inflammatory makers and of enzymes involved in ROS generation, whereas the expression of anti-inflammatory markers and anti-oxidant actors was enhanced. These results indicate that all PG parts are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in mice. Such an effect could be partially explained by an improved inflammatory and oxidative status.
54 citations
TL;DR: Risk of mortality was consistently higher in older women with low adiposity and Clinicians should be alerted byLow adiposity in older men and women in a prospective cohort study of older women.
54 citations
TL;DR: An integrated decision-making model for additive manufacturing (AM) process planning and for related MADM problems in other research areas is proposed in this paper. But the model is not suitable for the case of multi-attributes decision making.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated decision-making model for multi-attributes decision-making (MADM) problems in additive manufacturing (AM) process planning and for related MADM problems in other research areas. Design/methodology/approach – This research analyzed the drawbacks of former methods and then proposed two sub-decision-making models, “deviation model” and “similarity model”. The former sub-model aimed to measure the deviation extent of each alternative to the aspired goal based on analyzing Euclidean distance between them, whereas the latter sub-model applying grey incidence analysis was used to measure the similarity between alternatives and the expected goal by investigating the curve shape of each alternative. Afterwards, an integrated model based on the aggregation of the two sub-models was proposed and verified by a numerical example and simple case studies. Findings – The calculating results of the cited numerical example and the comparison to former related ...
52 citations
TL;DR: The data show that SEMA3F and NRP2 are further regulators of human thymocyte migration in physiological and pathological conditions.
Abstract: Neuropilins and semaphorins are known as modulators of axon guidance, angiogenesis, and organogenesis in the developing nervous system, but have been recently evidenced as also playing a role in the immune system. Here we describe the expression and role of semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) and its receptor neuropilin-2 (NRP2) in human T cell precursors. NRP2 and SEMA3F are expressed in the human thymus, in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid compartments. SEMA3F have a repulsive effect on thymocyte migration and inhibited CXCL12- and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced thymocyte migration by inhibiting cytoskeleton reorganization prior to stimuli. Moreover, NRP2 and SEMA3F are expressed in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma primary cells. In these tumor cells, SEMA3F also blocks their migration induced by CXCL12 and S1P. Our data show that SEMA3F and NRP2 are further regulators of human thymocyte migration in physiological and pathological conditions.
42 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of water activity, pH and storage temperature on the growth of Eurotium repens, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium corylophilum, isolated from spoiled bakery products.
39 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggest a testable hypothesis about how maternal diet might influence metabolic outcomes (insulin sensitivity) in the next generation such as mitochondrial overload and/or substrate oxidation inflexibility dependent on the time window of perinatal dietary manipulation.
Abstract: Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that a suboptimal environment during perinatal life programs offspring susceptibility to the development of metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the lasting impact of perinatal protein deprivation on mitochondrial fuel oxidation and insulin sensitivity would depend on the time window of exposure. To improve our understanding of underlying mechanisms, an integrative approach was used, combining the assessment of insulin sensitivity and untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the offspring. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed in adult male rats born from dams fed a low-protein diet during gestation and/or lactation, and subsequently exposed to a Western diet (WD) for 10 wk. Metabolomics was combined with targeted acylcarnitine profiling and analysis of liver gene expression to identify markers of adaptation to WD that influence the phenotype outcome evaluated by body composition analysis. At adulthood, offspring of protein-restricted dams had impaired insulin secretion when fed a standard diet. Moreover, rats who demonstrated catch-up growth at weaning displayed higher gluconeogenesis and branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and lower fatty acid β-oxidation compared with control rats. Postweaning exposure of intrauterine growth restriction-born rats to a WD exacerbated incomplete fatty acid β-oxidation and excess fat deposition. Control offspring nursed by protein-restricted mothers showed peculiar low-fat accretion through adulthood and preserved insulin sensitivity even after WD-exposure. Altogether, our findings suggest a testable hypothesis about how maternal diet might influence metabolic outcomes (insulin sensitivity) in the next generation such as mitochondrial overload and/or substrate oxidation inflexibility dependent on the time window of perinatal dietary manipulation.
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient method to compare evaluation profiles from panelists measuring a given sensory attribute on different samples, assessing the panel's consistency, was proposed, based on the internal consistency test and the calculation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
TL;DR: Proof for the concept of surface grafting of siRNA onto LNCs to modify cell sensitivity to temozolomide is provided and could be implemented in future clinical models regarding the experimental treatment of glioblastoma cancer.
Abstract: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a crucial protein that plays an important role in the maintenance and development of glioblastomas. The silencing or knockdown of EGFR is possible by administering a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) covered by chitosan were developed in our laboratory by a transacylation process. The resulting nanocapsules have a positive zeta potential that enables electrostatic interactions with the negatively-charged siRNA. Prior to transfection, the cytotoxicity of the nanocapsules by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) test was performed on the U87MG cell line to determine non-toxic levels of the LNCs to avoid cell mortality. Treatment of the U87MG cells with the chitosan-transacylated LNCs/anti-EGFR siRNA complex resulted in a reduction of EGFR expression by 51.95% ± 6.03% (P ≤ 0.05) after 96 hours of incubation. It also increased the cellular sensitivity to temozolomide in comparison to untreated cells with siRNA. The largest increase in mortality was 62.55% ± 3.55% (P<0.05). This successful knockdown provides proof for the concept of surface grafting of siRNA onto LNCs to modify cell sensitivity to temozolomide. The method could be implemented in future clinical models regarding the experimental treatment of glioblastoma cancer.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of selected pregelatinized starches on staling of pound cake has been investigated considering wheat and maize pretelated starches as flour substitutes.
Abstract: The influence of selected pregelatinized starches on staling of pound cake has been investigated considering wheat and maize pregelatinized starches as flour substitutes. Two baking systems were considered to assess staling: a miniaturized baking system providing degassed baked batter and a conventional oven providing real products. Texture profile analysis, compression, and rupture tests were used to follow texture evolution during storage. Results confirmed the positive effect of partial substitution by pregelatinized starches in microcakes on retarding staling, while the denser structure of pregelatinized starch cakes prevented the same positive impact on texture and staling.
TL;DR: A model for radiative transmission prediction is proposed and limitations are addressed and the results obtained by image and signal processing methods with data acquired on the transport infrastructure opened to traffic are presented.
Abstract: An infrared system has been developed to monitor transport infrastructures in a standalone configuration. It is based on low cost infrared thermal cameras linked with a calculation unit in order to produce a corrected thermal map of the surveyed structure at a selected time step. With the inline version, the data collected feed simplified radiative models running a GPU. With the offline version, the thermal map can be corrected when data are collected under different atmospheric conditions up to foggy night conditions. A model for radiative transmission prediction is proposed and limitations are addressed. Furthermore, the results obtained by image and signal processing methods with data acquired on the transport infrastructure opened to traffic are presented. Finally, conclusions and perspectives for new implementation and new functionalities are presented and discussed.
TL;DR: Elderly women with inside falls had shorter survivals than others, which could be markers of an underlying frailty and should trigger adequate prevention and protection measures.
TL;DR: To examine the incidence and risk factors for incident thoracic spine pain (TSP) in workers representative of a French region's working population, a large number of workers from around the country were recruited.
Abstract: Objective
To examine the incidence and risk factors for incident thoracic spine pain (TSP) in workers representative of a French region's working population.
Methods
In this prospective study, 3,710 workers were assessed in 2002–2005, and 2,332 (62.9%) of them were reassessed in 2007–2010. TSP was assessed by a self-administered Nordic questionnaire at baseline and at followup. At baseline, all participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on personal factors and work exposure. A total of 1,886 subjects (1,124 men and 762 women) without TSP at baseline were eligible for analysis. Associations between incident TSP and risk factors at baseline were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.
Results
The incidence rate of TSP was 5.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.9–6.6) per 100 men and 10.0 (95% CI 7.8–12.1) per 100 women. TSP was often associated with low back pain and neck pain. TSP in men was associated with age (odds ratios [ORs] ranging from 2.6 [95% CI 0.95–7.1] at 30–39 years to 6.0 [95% CI 2.1–17.3] at ≥50 years), being tall (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.2–3.9]), frequent/sustained trunk bending (OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.5–6.1]), lack of recovery period or change in the task (OR 2.0 [95% CI 1.2–3.6]), and driving vehicles (OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.4–5.5]). Being overweight or obese was associated with lower risk (OR 0.5 [95% CI 0.3–0.96]). TSP in women was associated with high perceived physical workload (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.1–3.3]), after adjustment for confounding variables.
Conclusion
The risk model of TSP combined personal and work-related organizational and physical factors. Trunk bending appeared to be a strong independent predictor of TSP in this working population.
TL;DR: Fondaparinux decreased I/R injury in vivo, but not in a crystalloid-perfused isolated heart, and this beneficial effect was mediated through STAT-3 phosphorylation.
Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although essential for successful recovery, myocardium reperfusion is associated with reperfusion injury. Two major cell survival signaling cascades are known to be protective against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury: the reperfusion injury salvage kinase, including Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and the downstream target GSK-3β, and the survivor activating factor enhancement, which involves STAT-3. Pharmacologic inhibition of factor Xa has been shown to attenuate I/R injury, but the cellular mechanism is poorly understood. Our aim was to determine the role of whole blood in fondaparinux (FDX)-induced cardioprotection and the involvement of reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survivor activating factor enhancement pathways. We investigated FDX ability to prevent in vivo I/R injury using a transient coronary ligation rat model and ex vivo using a model of crystalloid-perfused isolated rat heart. In both models, infarct size was assessed after 120 min of reperfusion. Myocardial tissues were collected after 15 and 30 min of reperfusion for Western blot analysis. In vivo, FDX decreased infarct size by 29% and induced significant STAT-3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation in comparison to controls. Adding AG490, an inhibitor of JAK/STAT pathway, before I/R, prevented STAT-3 phosphorylation and abolished FDX-induced cardioprotection. On the contrary, FDX did not have an effect on infarct size or hemodynamic parameters in the isolated-heart model. Fondaparinux decreased I/R injury in vivo, but not in a crystalloid-perfused isolated heart. Under our experimental conditions, FDX required whole blood to be protective, and this beneficial effect was mediated through STAT-3 phosphorylation.
TL;DR: It is found that FMR of resistance arteries remains efficient in 12-mo-old female rats compared with age-matched male rats, suggesting a balance between estrogens and vascular contractility might preserve FMR in mature female rats.
Abstract: In resistance arteries, a chronic increase in blood flow induces hypertrophic outward remodeling. This flow-mediated remodeling (FMR) is absent in male rats aged 10 mo and more. As FMR depends on estrogens in 3-mo-old female rats, we hypothesized that it might be preserved in 12-mo-old female rats. Blood flow was increased in vivo in mesenteric resistance arteries after ligation of the side arteries in 3- and 12-mo-old male and female rats. After 2 wk, high-flow (HF) and normal-flow (NF) arteries were isolated for in vitro analysis. Arterial diameter and cross-sectional area increased in HF arteries compared with NF arteries in 3-mo-old male and female rats. In 12-mo-old rats, diameter increased only in female rats. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and endothelium-mediated relaxation were higher in HF arteries than in NF arteries in all groups. ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NADPH oxidase subunit expression levels, and arterial contractility to KCl and to phenylephrine were greater in HF vessels than in NF vessels in 12-mo-old male rats only. Ovariectomy in 12-mo-old female rats induced a similar pattern with an increased contractility without diameter increase in HF arteries. Treatment of 12-mo-old male rats and ovariectomized female rats with hydralazine, the antioxidant tempol, or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan restored HF remodeling and normalized arterial contractility in HF vessels. Thus, we found that FMR of resistance arteries remains efficient in 12-mo-old female rats compared with age-matched male rats. A balance between estrogens and vascular contractility might preserve FMR in mature female rats.
30 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a quasi-dimensional multi-zone diesel combustion model using the Musculus-Kattke transient spray model was developed, modified and extended in order to take into account fuel evaporation.
Abstract: A new quasi-dimensional multi-zone diesel combustion model was developed, using the Musculus–Kattke transient spray model. The later is modified and extended in order to take into account fuel evap...
TL;DR: This study is among the first to show how and under which conditions the multi-event approach can be employed for investigating complex movement patterns encountered in partial migrants, providing a convenient tool for overcoming state uncertainty.
Abstract: Partial migration is a pervasive albeit poorly studied phenomenon by which some individuals of a population migrate while others are residents. It has tremendous consequences on seasonal variations of population size/structure and therefore management. Using a multi-event capture-mark-recapture/recovery (CMR) approach, we assessed seasonal site occupancy, survival and site fidelity of a partially migratory diving duck, the Common pochard (Aythya ferina), in an area potentially including both local breeders and winter visitors. The modelling exercise indeed discriminated two different categories of individuals. First, locally breeding females which had a probability of being present in our study area during winter of 0.41. Females of this category were found to be more faithful to their breeding site than males (breeding site fidelity probabilities of 1 and 0.11, respectively). The second category of birds were winter visitors, which included adults of both sexes, whose probability of being present in the study area during the breeding season was nil, and young of both sexes with a 0.11 probability of being present in the area during the breeding season. All wintering individuals, among which there was virtually no locally breeding male, displayed a high fidelity to our study area from one winter to the next (0.41–0.43). Estimated annual survival rates differed according to age (adults 0.69, young 0.56). For both age classes mortality was higher during late winter/early spring than during summer/early winter. Our study is among the first to show how and under which conditions the multi-event approach can be employed for investigating complex movement patterns encountered in partial migrants, providing a convenient tool for overcoming state uncertainty. It also shows why studying patterns of probability of individual presence/movements in partial migrants is a key towards understanding seasonal variations in numbers.
TL;DR: In order to understand starch changes induced by baking process at different locations of a slice of sandwich bread, namely the top, center, and bottom locations, starch was isolated from crumbs baked at two heating rates and evaluated for their pasting properties, gelatinization parameters, and iodine complexing ability as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In order to understand starch changes induced by baking process at different locations of a slice of sandwich bread, namely the top, center, and bottom locations, starch was isolated from crumbs baked at two heating rates ( 6.31 and 4.67 °C/min) and evaluated for their pasting properties, gelatinization parameters, and iodine complexing ability. Results showed that starch isolated from the bottom and the center crumbs baked at higher heating rate presented the significant higher final viscosity and higher setback than that isolated from crumbs baked at lower heating rate. Thermal analysis showed that starch isolated from the center crumb of the bread slice presented the lower enthalpy value of gelatinization, confirming that these samples underwent higher heat-moisture treatment during the baking process. After equilibration at 0.97 aw, the exposure to iodine vapor changed the X-ray diffraction intensity of starch samples. Polarized light microscopy showed that heating affects starch granule morphology due to the higher starch chain mobility and the higher granular swelling when breads were baked at lower heating rate.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that immunization against the second extracellular loop of β₁-ARs has a deleterious impact on vasorelaxations in the TA and SMA of rats, involving alterations in endothelium-dependent NO signaling pathways.
TL;DR: Le risque de sarcoidose induite doit etre connu chez les patients sous anti-TNF et doit andre evoque en cas d’hypercalcemie majeure et/ou de splenomegalie.
Abstract: Resume Introduction Les principaux effets secondaires des biotherapies anti-TNF alpha sont maintenant bien connus, notamment le risque d’infections opportunistes. Certains effets paradoxaux sont plus exceptionnellement decrits, tels que le developpement de reactions granulomateuses de type sarcoidose. Observation Nous rapportons ici l’observation d’une femme de 39 ans suivie pour une polyarthrite rhumatoide severe traitee par etanercept depuis cinq ans, hospitalisee en urgence pour vomissements et douleurs abdominales diffuses revelant une hypercalcemie majeure avec insuffisance renale aigue. Apres correction des troubles metaboliques sous hydratation et biphosphonates, le scanner thoracoabdominopelvien a montre la presence d’un syndrome interstitiel bilateral et d’une volumineuse splenomegalie heterogene. Le diagnostic de sarcoidose a ete confirme par les biopsies bronchiques perendoscopiques. L’evolution a ete favorable apres l’arret de l’etanercept et une corticotherapie a doses decroissantes. Conclusion Le risque de sarcoidose induite doit etre connu chez les patients sous anti-TNF et doit etre evoque en cas d’hypercalcemie majeure et/ou de splenomegalie.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors interroge la pertinence manageriale du concept de proximite en vente directe de produits alimentaires. André et al.
24 Mar 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a contribution to the development of a numerical method to assess and classify the consequences of differential settlements on masonry structures by comparing different criteria of damage assessment.
Abstract: The paper presents a contribution to the development of a numerical method to assess and classify the consequences of differential settlements on masonry structures. The main objective is to compare different criteria of damage assessment. The work consists to study a masonry wall, using numerical modelling, subjected to a differential settlement with a distinct element method (UDEC). Due to the distinct element method, the displacement requires to impose an optimal numerical velocity during a given period. The influence of vertical displacement on the wall has been studied by analyzing several criteria of damage assessment based on joints behavior in shear or tension. Based on the comparison with threshold values of the admissible differential settlement, the cumulative length of separate joints has been considered to satisfy an adequate criterion. The classification of damage level could be based on this criterion.
TL;DR: This research is an animal study based on the perfusion of vascularization by a contrast agent (a mixture of 50% barium sulfate with 1.5% of gelatin) before euthanasia to understand simultaneously the bone microarchitecture and its vascular microarch architecture.
Abstract: Trabecular bone and its microarchitecture are of prime importance for health. Studying vascularization helps to better know the relationship between bone and vascular microarchitecture. This research is an animal study (nine Lewis rats), based on the perfusion of vascularization by a contrast agent (a mixture of 50% barium sulfate with 1.5% of gelatin) before euthanasia. The samples were studied by micro CT at a resolution of 9μm. Softwares were used to show 3D volumes of bone and vessels, to calculate bone and vessels microarchitecture parameters. This study aims to understand simultaneously the bone microarchitecture and its vascular microarchitecture.
TL;DR: L’IRM en zone irradiee a constate une prise de contraste suspecte pour laquelle la distinction entre recidive tumorale et radionecrose n’a pas pu etre determinee sur les sequences de perfusion.
Abstract: Resume L’imagerie par resonance magnetique (IRM) est un examen cle dans le suivi des metastases cerebrales irradiees. Certaines prises de contraste suspectes posent le probleme du diagnostic differentiel entre une recidive tumorale et une radionecrose. Les nouvelles techniques multimodales (perfusion et spectrometrie) et la tomographie par emission de positons (TEP) permettent d’affiner le diagnostic et se posent en alternative d’un prelevement histologique par biopsie stereotaxique, seule methode fiable, mais invasive. Nous rapportons ici le cas d’une patiente atteinte d’une metastase frontale gauche d’un carcinome mammaire sept mois apres la prise en charge chirurgicale, suivie d’une radiotherapie stereotaxique du lit operatoire. L’IRM en zone irradiee a constate une prise de contraste suspecte pour laquelle la distinction entre recidive tumorale et radionecrose n’a pas pu etre determinee sur les sequences de perfusion. La realisation d’une TEP au ( 18 F)-fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) a permis de mettre en evidence une lesion hypermetabolique. Apres exerese chirurgicale, l’analyse histologique retrouvait principalement de la radionecrose associee a la presence de cellules carcinomateuses. Malgre l’IRM multimodale, la distinction entre une recidive tumorale et une radionecrose reste souvent difficile. La TEP-FDG est une aide diagnostique, en faveur de la recidive, en cas de lesion hypermetabolique. D’autres traceurs (fluores ou marques au carbone 11) sont interessants mais ne sont pas disponibles dans tous les centres. La biopsie stereotaxique reste a discuter si le doute persiste, avec un changement d’attitude therapeutique a la cle.
TL;DR: In this article, an etude-pilote et al. evaluated the impact of a formation of a protocole d'accueil des parents d'un enfant admis en reanimation pediatrique (PAPER) on les pratiques professionnelles.
Abstract: Resume Contexte Les formations par la simulation sont progressivement integrees dans les cursus de formation des soignants en reanimation. Il existe peu de formations a la communication avec les familles. But Cette etude-pilote a evalue l’impact d’une formation incluant un protocole d’accueil des parents d’un enfant admis en reanimation pediatrique (PAPER) sur les pratiques professionnelles. Materiels et methodes La formation durait 3 mois et comprenait 3 parties : des apports theoriques, une seance de simulation et un focus group . Lors de la session de simulation, une equipe pluri-professionnelle de 3 soignants (medecin, infirmiere, aide-soignante) devait appliquer un PAPER compose de 3 sequences : accueil et habillage par l’aide-soignante, entretien medical en binome medecin/infirmiere, accompagnement dans la chambre en binome infirmiere/aide-soignante. L’enfant etait simule par un mannequin (SimBaby™, Laerdal) et les parents par des acteurs. L’objectif principal de cette etude-pilote etait de mesurer le taux de changement des pratiques professionnelles un an apres la fin de la formation. Resultats Un an plus tard, tous les soignants ( n = 15) reconnaissaient avoir change leurs pratiques professionnelles et estimaient que ces changements etaient attribuables pour moitie a la formation suivie. De nouvelles pratiques comme l’accueil en binome dans une salle dediee ou une courte entrevue avec les parents avant de prendre en charge l’enfant etaient appliquees « toujours » ou « si possible ». Conclusion Cette etude-pilote a montre que la formation avait permis de modifier a un an la moitie des pratiques professionnelles d’accueil des parents d’un enfant admis en reanimation pediatrique.