Uppsala University

About: Uppsala University is a education organization based out in Uppsala, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 36485 authors who have published 107509 publications receiving 4220668 citations. The organization is also known as: Uppsala universitet & uu.se.

Lumbar Intradiscal Pressure: Experimental Studies on Post-Mortem Material

Abstract: (1960). Lumbar Intradiscal Pressure: Experimental Studies on Post-Mortem Material. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 31, No. sup43, pp. 1-104.

Postnatal Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Deficiency Is Associated With Retinopathy of Prematurity and Other Complications of Premature Birth

Abstract: Objective. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is necessary for normal development of retinal blood vessels in mice and humans. Because retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is initiated by abnormal postnatal retinal development, we hypothesized that prolonged low IGF-I in premature infants might be a risk factor for ROP. Design. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study measuring serum IGF-I concentrations weekly in 84 premature infants from birth (postmenstrual ages: 24–32 weeks) until discharge from the hospital. Infants were evaluated for ROP and other morbidity of prematurity: bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Results. Low serum IGF-I values correlated with later development of ROP. The mean IGF-I ± SEM level during postmenstrual ages 30–33 weeks was lowest with severe ROP (25 ± 2.41 μg/L), 29 ± 1.76 μg/L with moderate ROP, and 33 ± 1.72 μg/L with no ROP. The duration of low IGF-I also correlated strongly with the severity of ROP. The interval from birth until serum IGF-I levels reached >33 μg/L was 23 ± 2.6 days for no ROP, 44 ± 4.8 days for moderate ROP, and 52 ± 7.5 days for severe ROP. Each adjusted stepwise increase of 5 μg/L in mean IGF-I during postmenstrual ages 30 to 33 weeks decreased the risk of proliferative ROP by 45%. Other complications (NEC, BPD, IVH) were correlated with ROP and with low IGF-I levels. The relative risk for any morbidity (ROP, BPD, IVH, or NEC) was increased 2.2-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.41–3.43) if IGF-I was ≤33 μg/L at 33 weeks’ postmenstrual age. Conclusions. These results indicate that persistent low serum concentrations of IGF-I after premature birth are associated with later development of ROP and other complications of prematurity. IGF-I is at least as strong a determinant of risk for ROP as postmenstrual age at birth and birth weight.

Sensitivity of eye-movement measures to in-vehicle task difficulty

Abstract: Eye-movement measures were found to be highly sensitive to the demands of visual and auditory in-vehicle tasks as well as driving task demands. Two newer measures, Percent road centre and Standard deviation of gaze, were found to be more sensitive, more robust, more reliable, and easier to calculate than established glance-based measures. The eye-movement measures were collected by two partners within the EU project HASTE to determine their sensitivity to increasingly demanding in-vehicle tasks by means of artificial, or surrogate, In-vehicle Information Systems (S-IVIS). Data from 119 subjects were collected from four routes: a motorway in real traffic with an instrumented vehicle, a motorway in a fixed base simulator, and from rural roads in two different fixed base simulators. As the visual task became more difficult, drivers looked less at the road centre area ahead, and looked at the display more often, for longer periods, and for more varied durations. The auditory task led to an increasing gaze concentration to road centre. Gaze concentration to the road centre area was also found as driving task complexity increased, as shown in differences between rural curved- and straight sections, between rural and motorway road types, and between simulator and field motorways.

Anisotropic Lattice Distortions in Random Alloys from First-Principles Theory

Abstract: Within the framework of the exact muffin-tin orbitals (EMTO) theory we have developed a new method to calculate the total energy for random substitutional alloys. The problem of disorder is treated within the coherent potential approximation (CPA), and the total energy is obtained using the full charge density (FCD) technique. The FCD-EMTO-CPA method is suitable for determination of energy changes due to anisotropic lattice distortions in random alloys. In particular, we calculate the elastic constants of the Cu-rich face centered cubic Cu-Zn alloys ( alpha-brass) and optimize the c/a ratio for the hexagonal Zn-rich alloys for both the epsilon and eta phases.

A combined maximum-likelihood analysis of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux measured with icecube

Abstract: Evidence for an extraterrestrial flux of high-energy neutrinos has now been found in multiple searches with the IceCube detector. The first solid evidence was provided by a search for neutrino events with deposited energies greater than or similar to 30 TeV and interaction vertices inside the instrumented volume. Recent analyses suggest that the extraterrestrial flux extends to lower energies and is also visible with throughgoing, nu(mu)-induced tracks from the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we combine the results from six different IceCube searches for astrophysical neutrinos in a maximum-likelihood analysis. The combined event sample features high-statistics samples of shower-like and track-like events. The data are fit in up to three observables: energy, zenith angle, and event topology. Assuming the astrophysical neutrino flux to be isotropic and to consist of equal flavors at Earth, the all-flavor spectrum with neutrino energies between 25 TeV and 2.8 PeV is well described by an unbroken power law with best-fit spectral index -2.50 +/- 0.09 and a flux at 100 TeV of (6.7(-1.2)(+1.1)) x 10(-18) GeV-1 s(-1) sr(-1) cm(-2). Under the same assumptions, an unbroken power law with index -2 is disfavored with a significance of 3.8 sigma (p = 0.0066%) with respect to the best fit. This significance is reduced to 2.1 sigma (p = 1.7%) if instead we compare the best fit to a spectrum with index -2 that has an exponential cut-off at high energies. Allowing the electron-neutrino flux to deviate from the other two flavors, we find a nu(e) fraction of 0.18 +/- 0.11 at Earth. The sole production of electron neutrinos, which would be characteristic of neutron-decay-dominated sources, is rejected with a significance of 3.6 sigma ( p = 0.014%).