Showing papers in "Free Radical Biology and Medicine in 2007"

TL;DR: The claim is made that alpha-tocopherol's major vitamin function, if not only function, is that of a peroxyl radical scavenger, which is to maintain the integrity of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membranes of cells and thus maintain their bioactivity.

TL;DR: It is argued that a tentative case for oxidative stress as a life-span determinant can be made in Drosophila melanogaster, and where the free radical theory is headed is discussed, specifically, telomere/cell senescence, genomic instability, and the mitochondrial hypothesis of aging.

TL;DR: Progress in the development of probes for "reactive oxygen and nitrogen" species, emphasizing the caution needed in their use is reviewed, with a focus on probes based on reduced dyes.

TL;DR: The methods described in this review are not an exhaustive or comprehensive discussion of all methods available for the detection of NO but rather a description of the most commonly used and practical methods which allow accurate and sensitive quantification of NO products/metabolites in multiple biological matrices under normal physiological conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species have a dual function: they function as potent antimicrobial agents by virtue of their ability to kill microbial pathogens directly and participate as signaling molecules that regulate diverse physiological signaling pathways in neutrophils.

TL;DR: It is proposed that these pathological roles of Nox enzymes can be understood in terms of antagonistic pleiotropy: genes that confer a reproductive advantage early in life can have harmful effects late in life, particularly in chronic diseases associated with an aging population.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that elemental selenium at nano size (Nano-Se) possesses equal efficacy in increasing the activities of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase but has much lower toxicity as indicated by median lethal dose, acute liver injury, and short-term toxicity.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was designed to determine if overweight asthma patients would adhere to an alternate day calorie restriction (ADCR) dietary regimen, and to establish the effects of the diet on their symptoms, pulmonary function and markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation.

TL;DR: The role of Abeta in the pathogenesis of AD is discussed and also the use of redox proteomics to identify oxidatively modified brain proteins in AD and mild cognitive impairment is discussed.

TL;DR: A review of the structure and regulation of the respiratory burst oxidase and the more recently described Nox and Duox enzymes, which generate ROS in a variety of cells and tissues are considered.

TL;DR: Recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the potential role of protein S-glutathionylation in the redox regulation of signal transduction are described.

TL;DR: The therapeutic and research uses of nitroxide compounds are reviewed here with a focus on the progress from initial development to modern trials.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the pathway of quercetin-induced ARE activity involves up-regulation of Nrf2 through the regulation of both transcription and posttranscription sites and repression of Keap1 by affecting the post transcription site, revealing some substantial differences between oxidative inducers.

TL;DR: The effects of auranofin, a gold(I) compound clinically used as an antirheumatic agent, on cisplatin-sensitive (2008) and-resistant (C13*) cancer cells were studied and its action is particularly marked in C13* cells, indicating that no cross-resistance occurs.

TL;DR: The accuracy of the available methods and their validation is critically discussed and studies in which measurement of exocyclic adducts suggested new mechanisms of cancer causation are summarized, providing potential biomarkers for cancer risk assessment in humans with cancer-prone diseases.

TL;DR: In vivo studies have shown that α-tocopherol is not able, at physiological concentrations, to protect against oxidant-induced damage or prevent disease allegedly caused by oxidative damage, and α-Tocopherol appears to act as a ligand of not yet identified specific proteins capable of regulating signal transduction and gene expression.

TL;DR: It is proposed that H2S release from S-diclofenac in vivo contributes to the observed effects of inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and caused significantly less gastric toxicity than dicl ofenac.

TL;DR: This review critically examines the evidence of the different proposed mechanisms for UCPs functions, namely (a) to export fatty acid anions from mitochondria, (b) to regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells, and (c) to cause mild uncoupling and so diminish mitochondrial superoxide production, hence protecting against oxidative damage.

TL;DR: It is concluded that curcumin mediates its apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities through modulation of the redox status of the cell.

TL;DR: In this paper, the responses of oxidative stress biomarkers to a resistance training protocol of progressively increased and decreased volume/intensity were examined, showing that overtraining induces a marked response of biomarkers which, in some cases, was proportional to training load.

TL;DR: It is found that the mechanism(s) responsible for the cardioprotective effect of resveratrol in the diabetic myocardium include upregulation of Trx-1, NO/HO- 1, and VEGF in addition to increased MnSOD activity and reduced blood glucose level.

TL;DR: Information on the dosage of vitamin E that decreases systemic oxidant stress in vivo in humans is provided and informs the planning and evaluation of clinical studies that assess the efficacy ofitamin E to mitigate disease.

TL;DR: NOX5 proteins are functional, promoting endothelial ROS production, proliferation, and the formation of capillary-like structures and contribute to the endothelial response to thrombin, suggesting that NOX5 variants play a novel role in controlling ROS-dependent processes in the vasculature.

TL;DR: The role of signaling through mitochondrial ROS in hypoxic and hyperoxic environments is reviewed, where the signaling events in both systems are mediated by the generation of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS).

TL;DR: This work links GSH production and oxygen sensing in the control of gene expression to establish the epigenotype of cells during development by linking epigenetic processes to oxygen gradients during development.

TL;DR: It is concluded that certain functionalized fullerenes have potential as novel PDT agents and phototoxicity may be mediated both by superoxide and by singlet oxygen.

TL;DR: It is reported that the antioxidant agents vitamins A, C, and E act in synergy with magnesium to effectively prevent noise-induced trauma and provide a compelling rationale for human trials in which free radical scavengers are used to eliminate this single major cause of acquired hearing loss.

TL;DR: Mass spectrometry can identify thiol modifications with precision, and with isotope-coded affinity tags, used to quantify modification of specific thiols, and combinations of these methods increase sensitivity and specificity, and enable quantification and precise identification of thiol modification that occur under physiological and pathological conditions.

TL;DR: Results suggest that Nrf2 reduces ICH-induced early brain injury, possibly by providing protection against leukocyte-mediated free radical oxidative damage.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for phosphorylation by CK2 as a critical controlling factor in Nrf2-mediated cellular antioxidant response and a role in which calmodulin binding regulates CK2 activity is supported.