Showing papers in "iScience in 2019"

TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms underlying MSC homing are reviewed, based on a multistep model involving initial tethering by selectins, activation by cytokines, arrest by integrins, diapedesis or transmigration using matrix remodelers, and extravascular migration toward chemokine gradients.

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the effects of supporting electrolytes and different solvents in the CO2RR reported in the literature can help with the prediction of performance, as well as the development of scalable electrolyzers.

TL;DR: The ultrathin nanosheet of graphdiyne (GDY)-supported zero-valent palladium atoms and its direct application as a three-dimensional flexible hydrogen-evolving cathode and its reliable performance as an HER catalyst are reported.

TL;DR: The computational screening of ∼14,000 Li-containing compounds in the Materials Project database is presented using a descriptor based on lattice dynamics reported recently to identify new promising Li-ion conductors, one of which has been synthesized and exhibits a reasonably high room-temperature conductivity.

TL;DR: It is shown that CZ-48, a cell-permeant mimetic of NMN, activated SARM1 in vitro and in cellulo to cyclize NAD and produce a Ca2+ messenger, cADPR, with similar efficiency as NMN.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current understanding of the characteristics and traits of foundation species and how to distinguish them from other “important” species in ecological systems and suggests broader engagement of citizen-scientists and non-specialists in the identification and study of foundationspecies and their biological and cultural values.

TL;DR: It is found that ultrasound alone could activate heterologous and endogenous Piezo1, initiating calcium influx and increased nuclear c-Fos expression in primary neurons but not when pre-treated with aPiezo1 inhibitor.

TL;DR: A human gut-on-a-chip (Gut Chip) microdevice that enables independent control of fluid flow and mechanical deformations was leveraged to explore how physical cues and morphogen gradients influence intestinal morphogenesis.

TL;DR: BODIPY has been successfully nanocrystallized via the NCOF platform, and can be used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat tumors and might open up new avenues for the fabrication of additional COF-based platforms for biomedical treatment.

TL;DR: For the first time, it is shown that the variant allele frequency represents an additional prognostic marker inside the group of RET-mutated sMTC and consolidated the favorable prognostic role of RAS mutations.

TL;DR: A clean halogenation by electrochemical oxidation with NaX/HX is reported, which has a broad substrate scope; various heteroarenes, arenes, alkenes, alkynes, and even aliphatic hydrocarbons could be applied.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a method to reverse engineer sample-specific networks from aggregate networks, and demonstrate their approach in several contexts, including simulated, yeast microarray, and human lymphoblastoid cell line RNA sequencing data.

TL;DR: An in-depth investigation of the hydrolysis-derived material (i.e., DMAPbI3) and detailed analysis of its role in producing high-quality PSCs are presented and offer new insights into producinghigh-quality Cs-based perovskite materials.

TL;DR: NTZ counteracts varied virus-specific immune evasion strategies by generally enhancing the RNA sensing and interferon axis that is triggered by foreign cytoplasmic RNA exposure, and holds promise as an oral therapy against EBOV.

TL;DR: By functionalizing conjugated polymers with hydrophilic oligo (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (OEG) side chains, a 90-fold improvement in hydrogen evolution rate has been achieved and indicates that rational side-chain engineering could facilitate the design of improved organic photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.

TL;DR: A novel reusable bilayer fibrous filter consisting of electrospun superhydrophobic poly(methylmethacrylate)/polydimethylsiloxane fibers as the barrier for moisture ingression and superHydrophilic chitosan fibers for a PM capture efficiency of over 96% at optical transmittance of 86%.

TL;DR: Inspired by astonishing collective motions and tactic behaviors in nature, phototactic flocking of synthetic photochemical micromotors is shown, which would promote the creation of reconfigurable microrobots, active materials, and intelligent synthetic systems.

TL;DR: A three-dimensional hierarchical assembly structure composed of an ultrathin Ru shell and a Ru-Ni alloy core as a catalyst functioning under universal pH conditions is reported, demonstrating superior catalytic performances and excellent durability of the overall water splitting under universal acidic conditions.

TL;DR: The study indicates that chlorine positioning has a great impact on the acceptors and the 3D network structure may be a promising strategy for non-fullerene acceptors to improve the PCE and stability of organic solar cells.

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that exercise training results in unique responses in each AT depot; identifying the depot-specific adaptations to AT in response to exercise is essential to determine how AT contributes to the overall beneficial effect of exercise.

TL;DR: It is shown that ginger exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) are selectively taken up by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in a GELN phosphatidic acid (PA) dependent manner via interactions with hemin-binding protein 35 (HBP35) on the surface of P. gingialis.

TL;DR: It is found that TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF 5 (TCP5), TCP13, and TCP17 transcription factors promote the activity of PIF4 at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors sequenced the whole genome of the Manila clam and investigated the molecular basis of its adaptation to hypoxia, acidification, and parasite stress with transcriptome sequencing and an RNA sequence analysis of different tissues and developmental stages to clarify these major issues.

TL;DR: It is shown that phenolic blueberry extract (BE) treatment improved diet- and genetically induced metabolic syndromes, which were linked to increased energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and improved lipid metabolism in the liver via pathways involving the bile acid (BA) receptors TGR5 and FXR.

TL;DR: The key roles of heparanase in cancer progression are discussed focusing on the status of natural, chemically modified, and synthetic heParanase inhibitors in various types of malignancies.

TL;DR: By doping Na into the CsPbI3 lattice, the grain quality is significantly improved with low defect density, and also, the energy band levels are better matched to the contact electrodes, affording a higher built-in potential.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent progress in the development of surfactant-assisted cooperative self-assembly method using amphiphilic surfactants and NPs to synthesize new classes of highly ordered active nanostructures.

TL;DR: A new family of ZITI-X NIR acceptors with a high structural similarity is designed and matched with polymer donor J71 forming reduced HOMO offsets to establish the relationship among the photovoltaic performance, energy loss, and hole-transfer kinetics.

TL;DR: Solving the crystal structure of the heptad repeat (HR) region of PHB2 at 1.7-Å resolution shows that it assembles into a dimeric, antiparallel coiled-coil with a unique negatively charged area essential for the PHB interactome in mitochondria.

TL;DR: This work selected a set of clinical and novel mu agonists, and profiled their activities in transfected cell assays using advanced biosensors and in native neurons from knock-in mice expressing traceable receptors endogenously, supporting in vivo translatability of biased signaling for mu opioid drugs.