Showing papers in "Journal of Lipid Research in 2015"

TL;DR: This review focuses on the mammalian intestine, discussing the physiology of bile acid transport, the metabolism of biles acids in the gut, and new developments in the understanding of how intestinal metabolism, particularly by the gut microbiota, affects bile Acid signaling.

TL;DR: CPLA2α is a highly conserved widely expressed enzyme that promotes lipid mediator production in human and rodent cells from a variety of tissues and regulate normal physiological processes and disease pathogenesis in many organ systems, as shown using cPLA2 α KO mice.

TL;DR: The results indicate a major role for FMO3 in modulating glucose and lipid homeostasis in vivo, and they suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of F MO3 to reduce TMAO levels would be confounded by metabolic interactions.

TL;DR: An “omics” approach to detecting a reproducible signature of lipid metabolites, aqueous intracellular metabolites, SNPs, and mRNA transcripts in a double-blinded study of patients with different stages of NAFLD that involves profiling liver biopsies, plasma, and urine samples is described.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the current understanding of the in vivo functions of sPLA2s and the underlying lipid pathways as revealed by a series of studies over the last decade.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that neutralization of ANGPTL3 using REGN1500 reduces plasma lipids in dyslipidemic mice and monkeys, and thus provides a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of patients with hyperlipidemia.

TL;DR: A cross-sectional analysis of a prospective nested case-control study provides early evidence that 11,12-diHETrE, dhk PGD2, and 20-COOH AA are the leading eicosanoid candidate biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of NASH.

TL;DR: Observations indicate that the inflammatory impairment of HDL-C efflux capacity is due in part to SAA-mediated remodeling of HDL’s protein cargo.

TL;DR: The role of FABp1 in substrate availability and in protection from oxidative stress suggests that FABP1 plays a pivotal role during intracellular bacterial/viral infections by reducing inflammation and the adverse effects of starvation (energy deficiency).

TL;DR: These findings indicate that inactivation of ANGPTL3 does not affect the number of ApoB-containing lipoproteins secreted by the liver but alters the particles that are made such that they are cleared more rapidly from the circulation via a noncanonical pathway(s).

TL;DR: The iPLA2s manifest a variety of activities in addition to phospholipase, are ubiquitously expressed, and participate in a multitude of biological processes, including fat catabolism, cell differentiation, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity,ospholipid remodeling, cell proliferation, signal transduction, and cell death.

TL;DR: It is concluded that, in this model, BAT takes up plasma TG preferentially by means of lipolysis-mediated uptake of FA.

TL;DR: The Liposcale test, a novel ALT based on 2D diffusion-ordered 1H NMR spectroscopy, provides reproducible and reliable characterization of lipoprotein particles and it is applicable to pathological states such as AD.

TL;DR: G 5G8 expression in both the liver and intestine protects animals from sterol accumulation, and intestinal G5G8 contributes to extrahepatic cholesterol efflux in mice.

TL;DR: The discovery of essential fatty acids was a paradigm-changing finding, and it is now considered to be one of the landmark discoveries in lipid research.

TL;DR: The findings explain the lack of interfacial activation of CALB and offer new elements to elucidate this mechanism, with the consequent implications for the catalytic properties and classification of lipases.

TL;DR: The results show that chemical inhibition of lipase activity, genetic deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase and, to a lesser extent, hormone-sensitive lipase blocked aP2 secretion from adipocytes, and support that targeting aP1 or the lipolysis-dependent secretory pathway may present novel mechanistic and translational opportunities in metabolic disease.

TL;DR: This review is intended to present an up-to-date understanding of the physiological and pathological consequences of changing the activities of the different LPPs, especially in relation to cell signaling by LPA and S1P.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to underscore the potential for apoA-IV to be a focus for new therapies aimed at the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related disorders, and to suggest that this protein holds therapeutic promise for treating metabolic disease.

TL;DR: PI-PLC isozymes are now considered as important molecules that are essential for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both physiology and pathogenesis, and are also potential molecular targets useful for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to summarize the present state of knowledge on the metabolism, transport, and origin of plasma S1P, and to discuss the mechanisms regulating its homeostasis in blood.

TL;DR: It is shown that limiting the rate of TAG synthesis in the intestine can modulate gut hormone secretion, lipid metabolism, and systemic energy balance and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting specific enzymes involved in intestinal TAG synthesis warrants further investigation.

TL;DR: It is found that interleukin 6 (IL-6) blockade by tocilizumab (TCZ) reduced Lp(a) while TNF-α-inhibition by adalimumab in humans had no effect and IL-6 blockade might be a potential therapeutic option to treat elevated Lp (a) serum concentrations in humans andmight be a noninvasive alternative to lipid apheresis in the future.

TL;DR: The authors showed that deficiency of macrophage scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) deficiency results in severely defective efferocytosis in mouse atherosclerotic lesions, resulting in a 17-fold higher ratio of free-to-macrophageassociated dead cells in lesions containing SR-BI−/− cells, 5-fold more necrosis, 65.2% less lesional collagen content, nearly 7fold higher dead cell accumulation, and 2-fold larger lesion area.

TL;DR: In a subset of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, with documented infection but with a negative plasma LAL test, significant amounts of LPS were measured by the HPLC/MS/MS method and patients with the highest plasma LPS concentration were more severely ill.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that accumulation of LPA in the circulation decreases ATX production, but this feedback regulation can be overcome by the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α or interleukin 1β, which enables high LPA and ATX levels to coexist in inflammatory conditions.

TL;DR: A novel mechanism by which anti-OxLDL IgM antibodies could mediate protective functions in CVD is demonstrated, and a subset of OSE+ MPs that are bound by OxLDL-specific IgM are identified.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the suppression of autophagosome clearance and activation of NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 in both high fat-fed murine hearts and palmitate-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes (CMs).

TL;DR: Roles for PLD family members are being uncovered in autoimmune, infectious neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disease, as well as in cancer, and some of these disease settings pose opportunities for small molecule inhibitory therapeutics, which are currently in development.

TL;DR: This dWAT layer is a key defensive player with remarkable potential for modifying systemic metabolism, immune function, and physiology and discusses the key literature illustrating the properties of this recently recognized adipose depot.