Showing papers in "Journal of Neuroimmunology in 2005"

TL;DR: The present work suggests melatonin and its metabolites as a new class of potential anti-inflammatory agents without the classical side effects due to COX-1 inhibition, andCOX-2 and iNOS as molecular targets for either melatonin or its metabolites AFMK and AMK.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor drug trichostatin A (TSA) reduces spinal cord inflammation, demyelination, neuronal and axonal loss and ameliorates disability in the relapsing phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS).

TL;DR: Data indicate that astrocytes function as sentinels for viral infections in the CNS by expressing preferentially TLR3 and producing IL-6 and chemokines active on T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells.

TL;DR: Recent research on cannabinoids and how they interact with the immune system and also their potential use as therapeutic agents for a number of inflammatory disorders are highlighted.

TL;DR: Using seven highly selective dopamine-receptor agonists and antagonists, it is found that TNFalpha-upregulation, evident after 24 h, was mediated by D3R and D1/D5R while IL-10-up regulation, evident afterwards, wasmediated by D2R andD1/ D5R.

TL;DR: A vital role for IL-10 is pointed to in the control of CD4(+) T cell mediated inflammation in the brain during TE, as well as anti-microbial activity of astrocytes in chronically infected mice.

TL;DR: Findings suggest the existence of a positive feedback loop in the activation of microglia via TNF-alpha, and this autocrine loop may be involved in the prolonged activation ofmicroglia.

TL;DR: E2 treatment may have opposing effects on Treg cells vs. APC that both contribute to overt suppression, but such effects are overcome and focused towards enhanced suppression in inflammatory environments produced during pregnancy and EAE.

TL;DR: This article found reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) in the serum and CSF of relapsing-remitting MS patients, which was reversed by therapy with glatiramer acetate.

TL;DR: Changes in TNFalpha, BDNF, and NGF after maternal exposure to poly I:C represent a potential mechanism through which maternal infection increases risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.

TL;DR: It is suggested that OPN is involved in both acute and chronic disease activity, thus expanding the role of OPN in MS pathogenesis suggested by previous studies.

TL;DR: The results show that TZDs and 15d-PGJ(2) are effective in inhibiting production of nitric oxide, the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and the chemokine MCP-1 from microglia and astrocytes.

TL;DR: Stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes, but not lymphocytes, constitutively secrete BDNF, and this data provides evidence that IL-6 and TNF-alpha represent a specific link between monocyte infiltration and neuronal changes in inflammatory diseases.

TL;DR: The results indicate that microglia/macrophage activation is an important process for remyelination and further support the concept that suppression of inflammatory response may impair remYelination.

TL;DR: In this article, the degree of activation was directly related to the rate of sALS disease progression and other parameters of T-cell activation and immune globulin levels showed similar disease associated changes.

TL;DR: Neither the carboxyl terminal nor the mid-region of alpha-enolase showed specificity for Hashimoto's encephalopathy, but autoantibodies against the amino terminal ofalpha- enolase are a useful diagnostic marker forHashimoto'sEncephalopathy.

TL;DR: CX3CL1 reduces excitotoxicity when co-applied with Glu, through the activation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways, or administered up to 8 h after Glu insult, likely providing an endogenous protective mechanism against excitOToxic cell death.

TL;DR: The data suggest that induction of leukocyte adhesion to the brain microvasculature is an important mechanism by which CCL2 and CCL5 participate in the pathophysiology of EAE.

TL;DR: Data indicate that estrogen can significantly decrease components of adaptive immunity in microglial cells, and highlight the multi-faceted regulatory effects of estrogen on microglia parameters related to antigen presentation and T cell interaction.

TL;DR: It is proposed that fibroblasts but not keratinocytes display a functional CRH-POMC-corticosteroid axis organized similarly to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, however, it diverges from the HPA organization in its distal step, where CRH and ACTH stimulate production of corticosterone, instead of cortisol.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the inflammatory response induced in microglial cells by LPS can be markedly reduced by IL10, and treatment of damaging neuroinflammatory insults such hypoxia-ischemia, with IL10 may be protective for the immature brain.

TL;DR: It is concluded that DMF or SP simultaneously can reduce mediators of inflammation and enhance detoxication enzymes in LPS stimulated co-cultures of astroglial and microglial cells, which could potentially be of therapeutic interest.

TL;DR: It is shown that oral administration of the selective PPARy agonist GW0742 reduced clinical symptoms in C57BL/6 mice that had been immunized with encephalitogenic myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide, and RTPCR analysis showed thatGW0742 increased expression of some myelin genes.

TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro cannabidiol dose-dependently decreased fMLP-induced chemotaxis of macrophages, and the CB2 receptor antagonist prevented this decrease.

TL;DR: The studies indicate that NK cells play a regulatory role in EAE through killing of syngeneic T cells which include myelin antigen-specific, encephalitogenic T cells, and thus ameliorate EAE.

TL;DR: In both glial cell types, LPS stimulation upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, TLR 2 and TLR 3 gene expression but down-regulated other TLR genes, which indicates microglia and astrocytes have the ability to discriminate between pathogens and elicit an appropriate response.

TL;DR: Simultaneous assessment of the GC sensitivity in bone marrow and spleen revealed a significant negative correlation between both tissues suggesting that social stress causes the redistribution of GC-insensitive myeloid cells from the bone marrow to the spleen.

TL;DR: It is described that the tetracycline derivative, minocycline, attenuates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, and this combination resulted in a significant reduction of disease severity and disease burden.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the activation of the immune system should be considered an entraining signal for the murine circadian clock.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USgFNAC) to obtain cells, in vivo, from non-enlarged lymph nodes of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and HCs (HCs).