Showing papers in "Neuron in 2007"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied wild-type and P301S mutant human tau transgenic (Tg) mice and found that tangle formation was preceded by microglial activation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the brainstem plays a pivotal role in gating the degree of nociceptive transmission so that the resultant pain experienced is appropriate for the particular situation of the individual.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that aging is characterized by marked reductions in normally present functional correlations within two higher-order brain systems, and correlation reductions were severe in older adults free from Alzheimer's disease pathology as determined by amyloid imaging.

TL;DR: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a technique for noninvasive stimulation of the human brain that can influence brain function if delivered repetitively, and is being developed for various therapeutic purposes.

TL;DR: It is reported that hAPP mice have spontaneous nonconvulsive seizure activity in cortical and hippocampal networks, which is associated with GABAergic sprouting, enhanced synaptic inhibition, and synaptic plasticity deficits in the dentate gyrus.

TL;DR: To investigate the potential for restoring neuronal function in RTT patients, it is essential to identify MeCP2 targets or modifiers of the phenotype that can be therapeutically modulated.

TL;DR: Recent measurements of human visual field maps are surveyed, hypotheses about the function and relationships between maps are described, and methods to improve map measurements and characterize the response properties of neurons comprising these maps are considered.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that DNA methylation is dynamically regulated in the adult nervous system and that this cellular mechanism is a crucial step in memory formation.

TL;DR: A transsynaptic tracer that crosses only one synaptic step is presented, unambiguously identifying cells directly presynaptic to the starting population, and should enable a far more detailed understanding of neural connectivity than has previously been possible.

TL;DR: A technique for two-photon fluorescence imaging with cellular resolution in awake, behaving mice with minimal motion artifact is reported, demonstrating that running-associated brain motion is limited to approximately 2-5 microm.

TL;DR: A neuronal recycling hypothesis is proposed, according to which cultural inventions invade evolutionarily older brain circuits and inherit many of their structural constraints.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mGluR5 contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease, a finding that has significant therapeutic implications for fragile X and related developmental disorders.

TL;DR: The authors found that activation of distinct neural circuits related to anticipatory affect precedes and supports consumers' purchasing decisions, while excessive prices activated the insula and deactivated the mesial prefrontal cortex.

TL;DR: The timing and laminar profile of the multisensory interactions in A1 indicate that nonspecific thalamic systems may play a key role in the effect and underscore the instrumental role of neuronal oscillations in cortical operations.

TL;DR: Brain network integrity in patients with neglect was examined by measuring coherent fluctuations of fMRI signals (functional connectivity) and disconnection of the white matter tracts connecting frontal and parietal cortices was associated with more severe neglect and more disrupted functional connectivity.

TL;DR: This study systematically characterized synaptic plasticity of retrovirally labeled adult-born dentate granule cells at different stages during their neuronal maturation, demonstrating that adult- born neurons exhibit the same classic critical period plasticity as neurons in the developing nervous system.

TL;DR: It is shown that the phase pattern of theta band responses recorded from human auditory cortex with magnetoencephalography (MEG) reliably tracks and discriminates spoken sentences and that this discrimination ability is correlated with speech intelligibility.

TL;DR: New findings on the diversity of top-down interactions show that cortical areas function as adaptive processors, being subject to attention, expectation, and perceptual task.

TL;DR: The genesis of nociceptors during development and the intrinsic properties of nock-like neurons that enable them to transduce, conduct, and transmit nocICEptors are highlighted and how their phenotypic plasticity contributes to clinical pain is discussed.

TL;DR: The generation of transgenic mice that express a ChR2-YFP fusion protein in the CNS for in vivo activation and mapping of neural circuits is reported, demonstrating a highly reproducible, light-dependent activation of neurons and precise control of firing frequency in vivo.

TL;DR: This fMRI study identifies a relationship between human brain activity in the left somatomotor cortex and spontaneous trial-to-trial variability in button press force and demonstrates that 74% of this brain-behavior relationship is attributable to ongoing fluctuations in intrinsic activity similar to those observed during resting fixation.

TL;DR: It is shown that TRPM8 mediates the analgesic effect of moderate cooling after administration of formalin, a painful stimulus, and contributes to sensing unpleasant cold stimuli or mediating the effects of cold analgesia.

TL;DR: It is speculated that excess neuron numbers may be one possible cause of early brain overgrowth and produce defects in neural patterning and wiring, with exuberant local and short-distance cortical interactions impeding the function of large-scale, long-distance interactions between brain regions.

TL;DR: An abstract coding of approximate number common to dots, digits, and number words is suggested to support the idea that symbols acquire meaning by linking neural populations coding symbol shapes to those holding nonsymbolic representations of quantities.

TL;DR: A disynaptic inhibitory pathway among neocortical pyramidal cells (PCs) is reported and proposed as a central mechanism for regulation of cortical activity.

TL;DR: Recent data highlighting the novel and important roles of GluR2 in synaptic function and plasticity are brought together.

TL;DR: A new imaging method, called array tomography, is described, which combines and extends superlative features of modern optical fluorescence and electron microscopy methods and can reveal important but previously unseen features of brain molecular architecture.

TL;DR: Compared with WT mice, TRPM8 null mice display deficiencies in certain behaviors, including icilin-induced jumping and cold sensation, as well as a significant reduction in injury-induced responsiveness to acetone cooling, which suggests that TR PM8 may play an important role in certain types of cold-induced pain in humans.

TL;DR: It is suggested that SWI/SNF-like complexes in vertebrates achieve biological specificity by combinatorial assembly of their subunits by preventing the subunit switch impairs neuronal differentiation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the regulation of GSK3beta activity provides a powerful mechanism to preserve information encoded during LTP from erasure by subsequent LTD, perhaps thereby permitting the initial consolidation of learnt information.