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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

A Role for Kisspeptins in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Mouse

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TLDR
Kisspeptins are products of the KiSS-1 gene, which bind to a G protein-coupled receptor known as GPR54, and it is concluded that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling may be part of the hypothalamus circuitry that governs the hypothalamic secretion of GnRH.
Abstract
Kisspeptins are products of the KiSS-1 gene, which bind to a G protein-coupled receptor known as GPR54. Mutations or targeted disruptions in the GPR54 gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice, suggesting that kisspeptin signaling may be important for the regulation of gonadotropin secretion. To examine the effects of kisspeptin-54 (metastin) and kisspeptin-10 (the biologically active C-terminal decapeptide) on gonadotropin secretion in the mouse, we administered the kisspeptins directly into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the brain and demonstrated that both peptides stimulate LH secretion. Further characterization of kisspeptin-54 demonstrated that it stimulated both LH and FSH secretion, at doses as low as 1 fmol; moreover, this effect was shown to be blocked by pretreatment with acyline, a potent GnRH antagonist. To learn more about the functional anatomy of kisspeptins, we mapped the distribution of KiSS-1 mRNA in the hypothalamus. We observed that KiSS-1 mRNA is expressed in areas of the hypothalamus implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotropin secretion, including the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, the periventricular nucleus, and the arcuate nucleus. We conclude that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling may be part of the hypothalamic circuitry that governs the hypothalamic secretion of GnRH.

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Journal ArticleDOI

MiR-199-3p modulates the onset of puberty in rodents probably by regulating the expression of Kiss1 via the p38 MAPK pathway.

TL;DR: A novel regulatory mechanism of puberty onset is presented which the sustained downregulation of miR-199-3p might gradually release the inhibition of the p38 MAPK/Fos/CREB/Kiss1 pathway during puberty development.
Journal ArticleDOI

Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B, and Dynorphin Expression during Pubertal Development in Female Sheep

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors collected blood and hypothalamic tissue from ovariectomized lambs implanted with estradiol at five, six, seven, eight (puberty), and ten months of age.
Journal ArticleDOI

The role of kisspeptin in reproductive function in the ewe

TL;DR: The pheromone-induced interruption of seasonal anestrus, known as the male effect, appears to be mediated by KNDy signalling, however, the ‘KNDy hypothesis’ for GnRH pulse generation is still unproven and, indeed, the precise role of K NDy cells in seasonal breeding has yet to be determined.
Book ChapterDOI

Effects of radiation on the reproductive system

TL;DR: This chapter discusses radiation dose and risk, the reproductive consequences of exposure to radiation, some historical perspectives and new details on involvement of novel regulatory inputs in reproductive functions as potential targets to preserve fertility after radiation exposure.
References
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Book

The Physiology of Reproduction

Ernst Knobil, +1 more
TL;DR: The gametes, fertilization and early embryogenesis the reproductive systems - the female, the male the pituitary and the hypothalmus, and the reproductive processes and their control.
Journal ArticleDOI

The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty

TL;DR: Puberty is initiated when gonadotropin-releasing hormone begins to be secreted by the hypothalamus, and complementary genetic approaches in humans and mice identified genetic factors that determine the onset of puberty.
Journal ArticleDOI

Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA in the rat central nervous system.

TL;DR: Comparing the distribution of the classical and novel forms of ER mRNA‐expressing neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat with in situ hybridization histochemistry provides evidence that the region‐specific expression of ER‐α, ER‐β, or both may be important in determining the physiological responses of neuronal populations to estrogen action.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to loss of function of the KiSS1-derived peptide receptor GPR54

TL;DR: The present study shows that loss of function of GPR54 is a cause of IHH, and it identifies GPR 54 and possibly KiSS1 protein-derived peptide as playing a major and previously unsuspected role in the physiology of the gonadotropic axis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA‐containing cells in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study

TL;DR: AR and ER may modulate nonolfactory sensory information as well since labeled cells were found in regions involved in the central relay of somatosensory information, including the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the ventral thalamic nuclear group, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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