A Role for Kisspeptins in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in the Mouse
Michelle L. Gottsch,Matthew Cunningham,Jeremy Troy Smith,Simina M. Popa,Blake V. Acohido,William F. Crowley,Stephanie B. Seminara,Donald K. Clifton,Robert A. Steiner +8 more
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TLDR
Kisspeptins are products of the KiSS-1 gene, which bind to a G protein-coupled receptor known as GPR54, and it is concluded that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling may be part of the hypothalamus circuitry that governs the hypothalamic secretion of GnRH.Abstract:
Kisspeptins are products of the KiSS-1 gene, which bind to a G protein-coupled receptor known as GPR54. Mutations or targeted disruptions in the GPR54 gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice, suggesting that kisspeptin signaling may be important for the regulation of gonadotropin secretion. To examine the effects of kisspeptin-54 (metastin) and kisspeptin-10 (the biologically active C-terminal decapeptide) on gonadotropin secretion in the mouse, we administered the kisspeptins directly into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the brain and demonstrated that both peptides stimulate LH secretion. Further characterization of kisspeptin-54 demonstrated that it stimulated both LH and FSH secretion, at doses as low as 1 fmol; moreover, this effect was shown to be blocked by pretreatment with acyline, a potent GnRH antagonist. To learn more about the functional anatomy of kisspeptins, we mapped the distribution of KiSS-1 mRNA in the hypothalamus. We observed that KiSS-1 mRNA is expressed in areas of the hypothalamus implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotropin secretion, including the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, the periventricular nucleus, and the arcuate nucleus. We conclude that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling may be part of the hypothalamic circuitry that governs the hypothalamic secretion of GnRH.read more
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The distribution of kisspeptin (Kiss)1- and Kiss2-positive neurones and their connections with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-3 neurones in the zebrafish brain.
TL;DR: The pattern of kisspeptin neurones and their connections with GnRH3 neurones in the brain are revealed, suggesting distinct mechanisms for Kiss1 and Kiss2 in regulating reproductive events in zebrafish.
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Peripheral kisspeptin reverses short photoperiod-induced gonadal regression in Syrian hamsters by promoting GNRH release
Laura Ansel,Agnete H. Bentsen,Caroline Ancel,Matei Bolborea,Paul Klosen,Jens D. Mikkelsen,Valérie Simonneaux +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that peripheral Kp54 activates the gonadotropic axis by stimulating GNRH release and indicates that an appropriate protocol of long-term systemic Kp administration can recrudesce a photo-inhibited reproductive axis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping neuronal inputs to Kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse.
TL;DR: An insight is provided into how the activity of Kiss1 neurons may be regulated by metabolic signals and a detailed neuroanatomical map is provided for future functional studies.
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Leptin and its potential interest in assisted reproduction cycles
TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature suggested its potential interest as a predictor of IVF outcome, as high serum and/or follicular fluid leptin concentrations have correlated negatively with cycle outcome, however, these preliminary results remain to be confirmed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kisspeptin activation of supraoptic nucleus neurons in vivo.
Victoria Scott,Colin H. Brown +1 more
TL;DR: This is the first report to show that peripheral, but not central, kisspeptin-10 increases the activity of oxytocin neurons and a proportion of vasopressin neuron firing rate and that endogenouskisspeptin regulation of supraoptic nucleus neurons is likely via vagal afferent input, with kisspe leptin acting as a hormone rather than as a neuropeptide in this system.
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The Physiology of Reproduction
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TL;DR: The gametes, fertilization and early embryogenesis the reproductive systems - the female, the male the pituitary and the hypothalmus, and the reproductive processes and their control.
Journal ArticleDOI
The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty
Stephanie B. Seminara,Sophie Messager,Emmanouella E. Chatzidaki,Rosemary R. Thresher,James S. Acierno,Jenna K. Shagoury,Yousef Bo-Abbas,Wendy Kuohung,Kristine M. Schwinof,Alan G. Hendrick,Dirk Zahn,John Dixon,Ursula B. Kaiser,Susan A. Slaugenhaupt,James F. Gusella,Stephen O'Rahilly,Mark Carlton,William F. Crowley,Samuel Aparicio,William H. Colledge +19 more
TL;DR: Puberty is initiated when gonadotropin-releasing hormone begins to be secreted by the hypothalamus, and complementary genetic approaches in humans and mice identified genetic factors that determine the onset of puberty.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA in the rat central nervous system.
TL;DR: Comparing the distribution of the classical and novel forms of ER mRNA‐expressing neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat with in situ hybridization histochemistry provides evidence that the region‐specific expression of ER‐α, ER‐β, or both may be important in determining the physiological responses of neuronal populations to estrogen action.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to loss of function of the KiSS1-derived peptide receptor GPR54
Nicolas de Roux,Emmanuelle Génin,Jean Claude Carel,Fumihiko Matsuda,Chaussain Jl,Edwin Milgrom +5 more
TL;DR: The present study shows that loss of function of GPR54 is a cause of IHH, and it identifies GPR 54 and possibly KiSS1 protein-derived peptide as playing a major and previously unsuspected role in the physiology of the gonadotropic axis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA‐containing cells in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study
TL;DR: AR and ER may modulate nonolfactory sensory information as well since labeled cells were found in regions involved in the central relay of somatosensory information, including the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the ventral thalamic nuclear group, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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