Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Ruddlesden-Popper compounds (SrO)(LaFeO3)n (n = 1 and 2) as p-type semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production
TL;DR: In this paper, two Ruddlesden-Popper type ferrite perovskites (SrO)(LaFeO 3 ) n (n = 1 and 2) have been systematically explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of particle size of La5Ti2CuS5O7 on photoelectrochemical properties in solar hydrogen evolution
Jingyuan Liu,Takashi Hisatomi,Masao Katayama,Tsutomu Minegishi,Tsutomu Minegishi,Jun Kubota,Kazunari Domen +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, rod-like La5Ti2CuS5O7 (LTC) particles with different sizes were prepared by controlling the annealing duration and sequential centrifugation conditions, and their PEC properties were investigated to develop a material design strategy tailored for hydrogen evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Band energy levels and compositions of CdS-based solid solution and their relation with photocatalytic activities
TL;DR: In this paper, a CdS-based solid solution (AgIn)xCd2(1−x)S2 (x = 0, 0.02, 0., 0.05, 0, 1, 1.2, 1., 1.0) was prepared through hydrothermal reaction and physicochemical and optical properties of the as-prepared solid solution samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (DRS) and N2 adsorption-desorption is
Journal ArticleDOI
Hybrid Composite Coatings for Durable and Efficient Solar Hydrogen Generation under Diverse Operating Conditions
TL;DR: In this article, a 1 cm2 triple-junction photovoltaic cell with its illuminated photocathode protected by a composite coating comprising an organic encapsulant with an embedded catalytic support is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
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Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
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Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.