Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
WO3/BiVO4 composite photoelectrode prepared by improved auto-combustion method for highly efficient water splitting
Issei Fujimoto,Issei Fujimoto,Nini Wang,Rie Saito,Yugo Miseki,Takahiro Gunji,Takahiro Gunji,Kazuhiro Sayama,Kazuhiro Sayama +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved auto-combustion method was used to improve the water splitting efficiency of a WO3/BiVO4 composite photoelectrode by using NH4NO3, as a strong oxidizing agent, and an organic additive into BiVO4 precursor solution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass transport aspects of electrochemical solar-hydrogen generation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the fundamental physical processes that occur at different locations of a generalized device topology and present the state-of-the-art advances in materials and engineering approaches to mitigate mass-transport challenges.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Situ Composition-Transforming Fabrication of BiOI/BiOIO3 Heterostructure: Semiconductor p–n Junction and Dominantly Exposed Reactive Facets
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the composition-transformation fabricating BiOI/BiOIO3 heterostructure via an in situ reduction route by using thiourea as the reducing agent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solar carbon fuel via photoelectrochemistry
TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art photochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems for CO2 reduction are compared and highlight the limitation factors that still hinder their widespread utilization.
Journal ArticleDOI
NiCo2O4 nanosheets as a novel oxygen-evolution-reaction cocatalyst in situ bonded on the g-C3N4 photocatalyst for excellent overall water splitting
TL;DR: In this article, a 2D/2D coupled NiCo2O4/g-C3N4 nanostructure was fabricated through an in situ growth strategy, and the intimate interface combination by surface bonding and the related cooperative effect between NiCo 2O4 and g-C 3N4 were comprehensively explored.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
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Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.