Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
Citations
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Boosting interfacial charge transfer for efficient water-splitting photoelectrodes: progress in bismuth vanadate photoanodes using various strategies
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the important strategies that have been made for improving the performance of the photoanode material, such as fabricating nanostructured electrode, controlling reacting facet, stacking with other materials, utilizing plasmonics, loading co-catalyst, and controlling the interfacial band bending with ferroelectrics.
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Elucidating the Role of Hypophosphite Treatment in Enhancing the Performance of BiVO4 Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors obtained BiVO4 photoanodes with appropriate oxygen vacancy by treating them with hypophosphite, which significantly improved the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance.
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Simultaneous enhancement in charge separation and interfacial charge transfer of BiVO4 photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
TL;DR: In this paper, copper incorporated nanostructured BiVO4 photoanodes (nanoCu:BiVO4) were prepared by converting the electrodeposited BiOI nanosheets in the presence of copper and vanadium sources and subsequent thermal treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unassisted water splitting with 9.3% efficiency by a single quantum nanostructure photoelectrode
Naveed ul Hassan Alvi,Paul E. D. Soto Rodriguez,Waheed ul Hassan,Guofu Zhou,Magnus Willander,Richard Nötzel +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation under white light illumination by an InGaN-based quantum nanostructure photo-electrode was reported.
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Chemically etched ZnO thin films, with surface-evolved nano-ridges, for efficient photoelectrochemical splitting of water
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of surface properties of nanostructured ZnO thin films, especially the effective surface area, on the conversion of UV light to hydrogen energy via photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water was explored.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
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Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
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Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.