Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Semiconductor interfacial carrier dynamics via photoinduced electric fields
Ye Yang,Jing Gu,James L. Young,James L. Young,Elisa M. Miller,John A. Turner,Nathan R. Neale,Matthew C. Beard +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that time-resolved photoinduced reflectance from a semiconductor captures interfacial carrier dynamics and is critically important to solar-driven water splitting.
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Branched TiO2 nanoarrays sensitized with CdS quantum dots for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.
TL;DR: This paper describes the design, characterization, and utilization of branched TiO2 nanoarrays sensitized with CdS quantum dots as anodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting with remarkable photocurrent density and high solar to hydrogen efficiency.
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Extending the π-electron conjugation in 2D planar graphitic carbon nitride: efficient charge separation for overall water splitting
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported direct overall pure water splitting by visible light excited graphitic carbon nitride incorporated with conjugated aromatic rings without using sacrificial agents, achieving a turnover number of 1.6% at 450 nm in the absence of sacrificial reagents.
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Effect of Film Morphology and Thickness on Charge Transport in Ta3N5/Ta Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the effect of bulk hole and electron transport on the photocurrent of Tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) photoanodes and determined which processes limit device efficiency.
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Visible-Light-Assisted Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Thin Films of a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide Plus CoOx Cocatalyst
TL;DR: The novelty of this system is that it is the first device to achieve photoelectrochemically driven water oxidation by a single-layer molecular organic semiconductor thin film coupled to a water-oxidation catalyst.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
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Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
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Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.