Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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White Light Emitting Transparent Double Layer Stack of Al2O3 :Eu3+, Tb3+, and Ce3+ Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis
S. Carmona-Téllez,Ciro Falcony,M. A. Aguilar-Frutis,G. Alarcón-Flores,Manuel García-Hipólito,R. Martínez-Martínez +5 more
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Multicomposite Nanostructured Hematite–Titania Photoanodes with Improved Oxygen Evolution: The Role of the Oxygen Evolution Catalyst
Mario Bärtsch,Marta Sarnowska,Olga A. Krysiak,Christoph Willa,Christian Huber,Lex Pillatsch,Sandra Reinhard,Markus Niederberger +7 more
TL;DR: A sol–gel processed hematite–titania-based photoanode, which exhibits a photocurrent of up to 2.5 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE under simulated AM 1.5 G illumination thanks to the addition of an amorphous cocatalyst with the nominal composition Fe20Cr40Ni40Ox, is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterizing surface states in hematite nanorod photoanodes, both beneficial and detrimental to solar water splitting efficiency
D. Stanescu,Mekan Piriyev,Victoria Villard,Cristian Mocuta,Adrien Besson,Dris Ihiawakrim,Ovidiu Ersen,Jocelyne Leroy,S. G. Chiuzbaian,Adam P. Hitchcock,Stefan Stanescu +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of hematite and Ti-substituted hematites as photoanodes for solar water splitting was quantitatively evaluated from the photoelectrochemical point of view.
Journal ArticleDOI
Liberating photocarriers in mesoporous single-crystalline SrTaO2N for efficient solar water splitting
TL;DR: In this paper , a facile synthesis of porous single-crystalline SrTaO 2 N PSCs via a topotactic conversion route was demonstrated, and the results indicated a paradigm to improve photocatalytic performance based on PSC, which extends the toolbox to achieve efficient solar water splitting over conventional photocatalyst.
Journal ArticleDOI
CdSe-sensitized branched CdS hierarchical nanostructures for efficient photoelectrochemical solar hydrogen generation
TL;DR: The branched hierarchical nanostructure improved the optical absorption by increasing the optical path via additional light trapping, as well as increasing the contact area between the electrode and electrolyte for more reactive sites, contributing to the higher photoelectrochemical performance than that obtained for the rod-like nanostructures.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
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Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.