Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Structural and Photoelectrochemical Evaluation of Nanotextured Sn‐Doped AgInS2 Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis
TL;DR: Spray pyrolysis was used to prepare films of AgInS(2) (AIS) with and without Sn as an extrinsic dopant, and Sn was found to increase the photocurrent and carrier concentration of AIS with an optimum doping level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ta3N5 nanowire bundles as visible-light-responsive photoanodes.
Cheng Hao Wu,Christopher Hahn,Sher Bahadar Khan,Abdullah M. Asiri,Salem M. Bawaked,Peidong Yang,Peidong Yang +6 more
TL;DR: A facile high-temperature bottom-up synthetic method for producing Ta3N5 nanowire bundles (NWBs), which exhibit great promise as a visible-light-responsive photoanode as well as self-oxidation of N3 species from the accumulation of photo-generated holes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of the ambient conditions on the operation of a large-area integrated photovoltaic-electrolyser
Erno Kemppainen,Stefan Aschbrenner,Fuxi Bao,Aline Luxa,Christian Schary,Radu Bors,Stefan Janke,Iris Dorbandt,Bernd Stannowski,Rutger Schlatmann,Rutger Schlatmann,Sonya Calnan +11 more
TL;DR: An integrated photovoltaic-electrolyser with a solar collection area of 294 cm2 was constructed and its performance, represented by the solar to hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency and hydrogen production rate mH2 in various outdoor and indoor conditions, was investigated by measurements of the product gas streams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stable and efficient solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting into H2 and O2 based on a BaTaO2N photoanode decorated with CoO microflowers
TL;DR: Stable and efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting has been achieved using a BaTaO2N photoanode decorated with CoO microflowers using a Faraday efficiency of almost unity (99.2%) for O2 evolution reactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combinatorial screening of photoanode materials - Uniform platform for compositional arrays and macroscopic electrodes
TL;DR: In this paper, a new work flow for high-throughput evaluation of complex metal oxides for water splitting relies on the use of commercial material printer for library production and scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy (SPECM) for hit identification.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.