Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Effect of Quantum Dot Deposition on the Interfacial Flatband Potential, Depletion Layer in TiO2 Nanotube Electrodes, and Resulting H2 Generation Rates
TL;DR: In this paper, an anodic oxidation-sequential chemical bath deposition process was used to construct CdS-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays, which exhibited enhanced photoelectrochemical properties and hydrogen production activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production: from theoretical perspectives
Mahesh Datt Bhatt,Jae Sung Lee +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed both UV-and visible-light active nanostructured photocatalysts and modified photocatalyst reported in theoretical studies and found that these photocatalysissts can enhance the efficiency of H2 production via absorbing sufficient light in the visible-luminance region of the solar spectrum and improving the charge separation by suppressing charge recombination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large-Scale Tunable 3D Self-Supporting WO3 Micro-Nano Architectures as Direct Photoanodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.
TL;DR: The presented hybrid method is simple, cost-effective, and controllable for large-scale fabrication, which should provide a new and general route that how the properties of conventional metal oxides can be improved via hierarchical 3D micro-nano configurations.
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A precious metal-free solar water splitting cell with a bifunctional cobalt phosphide electrocatalyst and doubly promoted bismuth vanadate photoanode
TL;DR: In this paper, a doubly promoted BiVO4 photoanode as an oxygen evolution as well as to a cathode as a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst is applied to establish a photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cell made of only earth abundant elements without any precious metals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient photocatalytic oxygen production over Ca-modified LaTiO2N
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduced Ca into the crystal structure of LaTiO2N via a simple co-precipitation method and investigated the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties for the full range solid solution La 1−xCaxTiO 2+yN1−y (0,⩽,x, y, ⩽-1).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
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Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
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Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.