Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Recent Progress and Approaches on Carbon-Free Energy from Water Splitting
TL;DR: The progress made toward development of cheap technologies for water ripping, the open challenges existing, and the approaches undertaken to generate carbon-free energy through water splitting are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemically active and robust cobalt doped copper phosphosulfide electro-catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction in electrolytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting
Prasad Prakash Patel,Oleg I. Velikokhatnyi,Shrinath Dattatray Ghadge,Prashanth Jampani Hanumantha,Moni Kanchan Datta,Ramalinga Kuruba,Bharat Gattu,Pavithra Murugavel Shanthi,Prashant N. Kumta +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-noble metal based electro-catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was proposed and shown to have excellent electrochemical activity with an onset overpotential for HER similar to Pt/C in acidic, neutral as well as basic media.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ge-mediated modification in Ta3N5 photoelectrodes with enhanced charge transport for solar water splitting.
TL;DR: It is shown that volatilization of intentionally added Ge (5 %) during the synthesis of Ta3 N5 promotes the electron transport and thereby improves the charge-separation efficiency in bulk Ta2 N5 photoanode, which affords a 320 % increase of the highest photocurrent comparing with that of pure Ta4 N5photoanode under AM 1.5 G 100 mW cm(-2) simulated sunlight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Some aspects of the charge transfer dynamics in nanostructured WO3 films
Vito Cristino,Sabrina Marinello,Alessandra Molinari,Stefano Caramori,Stefano Carli,Rita Boaretto,Roberto Argazzi,Laura Meda,Carlo Alberto Bignozzi +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the photoanodic response of two different types of nanocrystalline WO3 electrodes prepared by either the sol gel approach or the accelerated anodization route was explored in sulfate containing electrolytes with the aim of exploring the mechanism of charge separation at WO 3/electrolyte interfaces.
Journal ArticleDOI
InGaN/Si Double-Junction Photocathode for Unassisted Solar Water Splitting
Srinivas Vanka,Baowen Zhou,Rasha A. Awni,Zhaoning Song,Faqrul A. Chowdhury,Faqrul A. Chowdhury,Xuedong Liu,Hamed Hajibabaei,Wen Shi,Yixin Xiao,Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid,Ayush Pandey,Rong Chen,Gianluigi A. Botton,Thomas W. Hamann,Dunwei Wang,Yanfa Yan,Zetian Mi +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate, for the first time, that simultaneous achieving efficient and stable operation is a major challenge for developing sustainable and economical solar water-splitting systems.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.