Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chemosynthesis and physical vapor deposition of acanthite thin films: Characterization and electrochemistry explorationwe
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad,Aimen Zafar,Shaan Bibi Jaffri,Muhammad Khalid Alamgir,Manzar Sohail,Rana Farhat Mehmood,Misbah ur Rehman,Daoud Ali +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the diethyl-ammonium dithiocarbamate-based metallic chalcogenide semiconductor complexes of Ag2S-(dtc)2]/SnO2 and doped [Ba:Ag2S-, S-, BaS-, DTC]-and Ba:Ag 2S-and BaS-based thin films were synthesized in an in situ chemosynthetic route.
Book ChapterDOI
Multijunction Approaches to Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
TL;DR: In this paper, the challenges and benefits of large-scale solar water splitting for renewable hydrogen production, with specific focus on the multijunction PEC production pathways are considered, and examples of progress in laboratory scale prototypes are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnetron sputtered copper bismuth oxide photocathodes for solar water reduction
Ke Feng,Eser Metin Akinoglu,Eser Metin Akinoglu,Farabi Bozheyev,Lijing Guo,Mingliang Jin,Xin Wang,Guofu Zhou,Michael J. Naughton,Michael Giersig,Michael Giersig +10 more
Journal ArticleDOI
High performance BiFeO3 ferroelectric nanostructured photocathodes
Shyamashis Das,Paul Fourmont,Daniele Benetti,Sylvain G. Cloutier,Riad Nechache,Zhiming Wang,Federico Rosei +6 more
TL;DR: Among these morphologies, BiFeO3 nanofibers exhibit higher efficiency because of their larger surface area and improved charge separation resulting from rapid diffusion of photoinduced charge carriers along the axis of the nanofiber, which enables light absorption from a large part of the solar spectrum and its higher bulk ferroelectric polarization.
Tandem core-shell Si-Ta3-N5 photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Ieva Narkeviciute,Pongkan Chakthranont,Ajm Adrie Mackus,Christopher Hahn,Blaise A. Pinaud,Stacey F. Bent,Thomas F. Jaramillo +6 more
TL;DR: Nanostructuring with a thin shell of Ta3N5 results in a 10-fold improvement in photocurrent compared to a planar device of the same thickness, indicating minority carrier diffusion lengths on the order of tens of nanometers.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.