Journal ArticleDOI
Accelerating materials development for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production: Standards for methods, definitions, and reporting protocols
Zhebo Chen,Thomas F. Jaramillo,Todd G. Deutsch,Alan Kleiman-Shwarsctein,Arnold J. Forman,Nicolas Gaillard,Roxanne Garland,Kazuhiro Takanabe,Clemens Heske,Mahendra K. Sunkara,Eric W. McFarland,Kazunari Domen,Eric L. Miller,John A. Turner,Huyen N. Dinh +14 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers is presented.Abstract:
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for hydrogen production is a promising technology that uses sunlight and water to produce renewable hydrogen with oxygen as a by-product. In the expanding field of PEC hydrogen production, the use of standardized screening methods and reporting has emerged as a necessity. This article is intended to provide guidance on key practices in characterization of PEC materials and proper reporting of efficiencies. Presented here are the definitions of various efficiency values that pertain to PEC, with an emphasis on the importance of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, as well as a flow chart with standard procedures for PEC characterization techniques for planar photoelectrode materials (i.e., not suspensions of particles) with a focus on single band gap absorbers. These guidelines serve as a foundation and prelude to a much more complete and in-depth discussion of PEC techniques and procedures presented elsewhere.read more
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Tweaking the composition of NiMoZn alloy electrocatalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance
Xueqin Wang,Ren Su,Hüsnü Aslan,Jakob Kibsgaard,Stefan Wendt,Linghui Meng,Mingdong Dong,Yudong Huang,Flemming Besenbacher +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed study of the controlled deposition of NiMoZn ternary alloy electrocatalysts was conducted and the influence of chemical composition on the HER reactivity was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solar fuel production: Strategies and new opportunities with nanostructures
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on how a nanoscale coating (overlayer) passivates the surface states, thereby reducing the surface electron-hole recombination, and how a nano-scale coating (protective layer) prevents the photocorrosion or photopassivation of the semiconductors with optimal band gaps.
Journal ArticleDOI
What Limits the Performance of Ta3N5 for Solar Water Splitting
Yumin He,James E. Thorne,Cheng Hao Wu,Peiyan Ma,Peiyan Ma,Chun Du,Qi Dong,Jinghua Guo,Dunwei Wang +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of photoelectrochemical and high-resolution electron microscope measurements was used to understand the origins of the photoactivity degradation on Tantalum nitride (Ta 3 N 5 ).
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficiency Accreditation and Testing Protocols for Particulate Photocatalysts toward Solar Fuel Production
Zhiliang Wang,Takashi Hisatomi,Rengui Li,Kazuhiro Sayama,Gang Liu,Kazunari Domen,Kazunari Domen,Can Li,Lianzhou Wang +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a critical overview on the sources of error existing in the present photocatalytic water-splitting measurement and suggest testing protocols for reliable solar-to-hydrogen efficiency reporting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Water Oxidation at Hematite Photoelectrodes with an Iridium-Based Catalyst
Laura Badia-Bou,Elena Mas-Marzá,Pau Rodenas,Eva M. Barea,Francisco Fabregat-Santiago,Sixto Gimenez,Eduardo Peris,Juan Bisquert +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an iridium-containing electrode was used as an organometallic source for the electrodeposition of iridium oxide onto Fe2O3, and a cathodic shift of the photocurrent for water oxidation was observed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
Akira Fujishima,Kenichi Honda +1 more
TL;DR: Water photolysis is investigated by exploiting the fact that water is transparent to visible light and cannot be decomposed directly, but only by radiation with wavelengths shorter than 190 nm.
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Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium
Jan Tauc,R. Grigorovici,A. Vancu +2 more
TL;DR: In this article, the optical constants of amorphous Ge were determined for the photon energies from 0.08 to 1.6 eV, and the absorption is due to k-conserving transitions of holes between the valence bands as in p-type crystals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
Nathan S. Lewis,Daniel G. Nocera +1 more
TL;DR: Solar energy is by far the largest exploitable resource, providing more energy in 1 hour to the earth than all of the energy consumed by humans in an entire year, and if solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, it must be stored and dispatched on demand to the end user.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors
E. A. Davis,Nevill Mott +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
New contributions to the optics of intensely light-scattering materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gurevic and Judd formulas were derived from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations, and they are exact under the same conditions as in this paper, that is, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal.