Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity
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TLDR
There are no evidence based treatment regimens to treat chronic arsenic poisoning but antioxidants have been advocated, though benefit is not proven, and there is increasing emphasis on using alternative supplies of water.Abstract:
Arsenic toxicity is a global health problem affecting many millions of people. Contamination is caused by arsenic from natural geological sources leaching into aquifers, contaminating drinking water and may also occur from mining and other industrial processes. Arsenic is present as a contaminant in many traditional remedies. Arsenic trioxide is now used to treat acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Absorption occurs predominantly from ingestion from the small intestine, though minimal absorption occurs from skin contact and inhalation. Arsenic exerts its toxicity by inactivating up to 200 enzymes, especially those involved in cellular energy pathways and DNA synthesis and repair. Acute arsenic poisoning is associated initially with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhoea. Encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy are reported. Chronic arsenic toxicity results in multisystem disease. Arsenic is a well documented human carcinogen affecting numerous organs. There are no evidence based treatment regimens to treat chronic arsenic poisoning but antioxidants have been advocated, though benefit is not proven. The focus of management is to reduce arsenic ingestion from drinking water and there is increasing emphasis on using alternative supplies of water.read more
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Dissertation
Relating pollutant and water quality paramenters to landuse in a subwatershed in the choptank river watershed
Nino de Guzman,T Gabriela +1 more
Abstract: Title of Document: RELATING POLLUTANT AND WATER QUALITY PARAMENTERS TO LANDUSE IN A SUBWATERSHED IN THE CHOPTANK RIVER WATERSHED Gabriela Tejeda Niño de Guzmán, Master of Science, 2010 Directed By: Professor Alba Torrents, Ph.D, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Agriculture and animal feeding operations have been implicated as sources of water pollution along the Choptank River, an estuary and tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. This survey examined a subwatershed within the Choptank River watershed for impacts of a poultry facility on its adjacent surface water. Water and sediment samples were collected May – October 2009 under mostly baseflow conditions and analyzed for antibiotics, nutrients, heavy metals, and selected bacteria. Of the antibiotics recovered, no significant difference was observed spatially, but a significant difference emerged between spring and fall/winter. For nutrients, the greatest phosphorus concentrations were at the subwatershed outlet (4) and at two branches not containing the poultry house (3 and 5); nitrogen concentrations at sites 2 and 5 were as high as site 4. Arsenic concentrations at 2 were lower than both the low-agriculture (control) site and a site neighboring 3. Bacterial counts in water and sediment remained fairly constant throughout the sampling regime.
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Venkatraman Rajkumar,Vikas Gupta +1 more
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References
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Arsenic poisoning of Bangladesh groundwater
TL;DR: Sedimentological study of the Ganges alluvial sediments shows that the arsenic derives from the reductive dissolution of arsenic-rich iron oxyhydroxides, which in turn are derived from weathering of base-metal sulphides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3 ) in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL): II. Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Relapsed Patients
Zhi-Xiang Shen,Guo-Qiang Chen,Jian-Hua Ni,Xiu-Shong Li,Shu-Min Xiong,Qian-Yao Qiu,Jun Zhu,Wei Tang,Guan-Lin Sun,Kan-Qi Yang,Yu Chen,Li Zhou,Zhi-Wen Fang,Yan-Ting Wang,Jun Ma,Peng Zhang,Ting-Dong Zhang,Sai-Juan Chen,Zhu Chen,Zhen-Yi Wang +19 more
TL;DR: As2O3 treatment is an effective and relatively safe drug in APL patients refractory to ATRA and conventional chemotherapy, and Pharmacokinetic studies showed that after a peak level of 5.54 micromol/L, plasma arsenic was rapidly eliminated, and the continuous administration of As2O2 did not alter its pharmacokinetic behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Complete remission after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic trioxide
Steven L. Soignet,Peter Maslak,Zhugang Wang,Suresh C. Jhanwar,Elizabeth Calleja,Laura J. Dardashti,Diane Corso,Anthony DeBlasio,Janice Gabrilove,David A. Scheinberg,Pier Paolo Pandolfi,Raymond P. Warrell +11 more
TL;DR: Low doses of arsenic trioxide can induce complete remissions in patients with APL who have relapsed and the clinical response is associated with incomplete cytodifferentiation and the induction of apoptosis with caspase activation in leukemic cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arsenic in the geosphere - a review.
TL;DR: An attempt is made to quantify the global element cycle for arsenic, based on an extensive literature research with special emphasis on the most recent works.