Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity
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TLDR
There are no evidence based treatment regimens to treat chronic arsenic poisoning but antioxidants have been advocated, though benefit is not proven, and there is increasing emphasis on using alternative supplies of water.Abstract:
Arsenic toxicity is a global health problem affecting many millions of people. Contamination is caused by arsenic from natural geological sources leaching into aquifers, contaminating drinking water and may also occur from mining and other industrial processes. Arsenic is present as a contaminant in many traditional remedies. Arsenic trioxide is now used to treat acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Absorption occurs predominantly from ingestion from the small intestine, though minimal absorption occurs from skin contact and inhalation. Arsenic exerts its toxicity by inactivating up to 200 enzymes, especially those involved in cellular energy pathways and DNA synthesis and repair. Acute arsenic poisoning is associated initially with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhoea. Encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy are reported. Chronic arsenic toxicity results in multisystem disease. Arsenic is a well documented human carcinogen affecting numerous organs. There are no evidence based treatment regimens to treat chronic arsenic poisoning but antioxidants have been advocated, though benefit is not proven. The focus of management is to reduce arsenic ingestion from drinking water and there is increasing emphasis on using alternative supplies of water.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The relative impact of toxic heavy metals (THMs) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) on the total environment: an overview.
Zeeshanur Rahman,Ved Pal Singh +1 more
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive account of the relative impact of the THMs As, Cd, Cr(VI), Hg, and Pb on the authors' total environment.
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Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the mechanistic action of heavy metals according to the available animal and human studies and found similar pathways for these metals to induce toxicity including ROS generation, weakening of the antioxidant defense, enzyme inactivation, and oxidative stress.
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The Effects of Metals as Endocrine Disruptors
TL;DR: This review reports current knowledge regarding the roles that cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (PB), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) play as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
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The global menace of arsenic and its conventional remediation - A critical review
Arpan Sarkar,Biswajit Paul +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of geochemistry, toxicity and current removal techniques of arsenic together is laid bare to lay bare the source, behavior of arsenic in various parts of the environment, mechanism of toxicity and various remediation processes.
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Technologies for Arsenic Removal from Water: Current Status and Future Perspectives
TL;DR: An overview of the available technologies used nowadays for the removal of arsenic species from water is presented and promising future research on novel porous materials, such as metal organic frameworks, is suggested.
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