Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity
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TLDR
There are no evidence based treatment regimens to treat chronic arsenic poisoning but antioxidants have been advocated, though benefit is not proven, and there is increasing emphasis on using alternative supplies of water.Abstract:
Arsenic toxicity is a global health problem affecting many millions of people. Contamination is caused by arsenic from natural geological sources leaching into aquifers, contaminating drinking water and may also occur from mining and other industrial processes. Arsenic is present as a contaminant in many traditional remedies. Arsenic trioxide is now used to treat acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Absorption occurs predominantly from ingestion from the small intestine, though minimal absorption occurs from skin contact and inhalation. Arsenic exerts its toxicity by inactivating up to 200 enzymes, especially those involved in cellular energy pathways and DNA synthesis and repair. Acute arsenic poisoning is associated initially with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe diarrhoea. Encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy are reported. Chronic arsenic toxicity results in multisystem disease. Arsenic is a well documented human carcinogen affecting numerous organs. There are no evidence based treatment regimens to treat chronic arsenic poisoning but antioxidants have been advocated, though benefit is not proven. The focus of management is to reduce arsenic ingestion from drinking water and there is increasing emphasis on using alternative supplies of water.read more
Citations
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Antioxidant and modulatory role of Chlorophytum borivilianum against arsenic induced testicular impairment.
Garima Sharma,Madhu Kumar +1 more
TL;DR: Administration of C. borivilianum root extract is found to be protective against arsenic induced toxicity and induces impairment in male reproductive system due to oxidative stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Arsenic Compounds on Microminerals Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rat Liver
Ana Cláudia Ferreira Souza,Sarah Cozzer Marchesi,Graziela Domingues de Almeida Lima,Mariana Machado-Neves +3 more
TL;DR: It was concluded that despite the increase in trace elements content, the antioxidant enzyme activities were downregulated and did not prevent morphological alterations in the liver of animals exposed to both arsenic compounds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS).
TL;DR: A chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS) is proposed, which uses the use of bone arsenic load as an essential criterion for the individual risk assessment of Chronic arsenic intoxication, combined with a systemic clinical assessment.
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Synchrotron microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis of the effects of chronic arsenic exposure in rat brain
Marcelo Rubio,Marcelo Rubio,Roberto D. Pérez,Roberto D. Pérez,Carlos A. Pérez,Aldo H. Eynard,Aldo H. Eynard,Guillermina A. Bongiovanni,Guillermina A. Bongiovanni +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, synchrotron microscopic X-ray fluorescence (μ-SRXRF) scanning and conventional XRF analysis were applied for studying elemental concentrations in lyophilised brain rat slices.
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