Journal ArticleDOI
Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices
David Tilman,Kenneth G. Cassman,Pamela A. Matson,Pamela A. Matson,Rosamond L. Naylor,Stephen Polasky +5 more
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TLDR
A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society.Abstract:
A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Agriculturalists are the principal managers of global useable lands and will shape, perhaps irreversibly, the surface of the Earth in the coming decades. New incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be crucial if we are to meet the demands of improving yields without compromising environmental integrity or public health.read more
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A paradigm shift towards low-nitrifying production systems: the role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)
Guntur Venkata Subbarao,Kanwar L. Sahrawat,Kazuhiko Nakahara,Idupulapati M. Rao,Manabu Ishitani,Charles Tom Hash,Masahiro Kishii,David Bonnett,Wade L. Berry,Jean-Christophe Lata +9 more
TL;DR: The importance of regulating nitrification as a strategy to minimize N leakage and to improve N-use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems is highlighted and the current status of understanding of the BNI function is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and North American rangelands: Assessment of mitigation and adaptation strategies
Linda A. Joyce,David D. Briske,Joel R. Brown,H. Wayne Polley,Bruce A. McCarl,Derek W. Bailey +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of actions that individuals, enterprises, and social organizations can use to adapt to climate change and assess options for system transformation when adaptation is no longer sufficient to contend with climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling the smart farm
TL;DR: An overview of models within the farming enterprise is presented and the state-of-the art in smart technologies that promise to enable a new generation of enterprise-specific models that will underpin future smart farming enterprises are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Farmland Rental Paradox: Extreme land ownership fragmentation as a new form of land degradation
TL;DR: In this paper, the Farmland Rental Paradox (FRP) phenomenon was studied in the Czech Republic, where very small farms tend to create large production blocks by being rented to larger farmers, and therefore to significantly homogenize the land-use pattern.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological cross compliance promotes farmland biodiversity in Switzerland
Stéphanie Aviron,Heike Nitsch,Philippe Jeanneret,Serge Buholzer,Henryk Luka,Lukas Pfiffner,Stefano Pozzi,Beatrice Schüpbach,Thomas Walter,Felix Herzog +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effectiveness of cross compliance in promoting biodiversity on grassland and on arable land in Switzerland over 8 years and observed measurable benefits for flora, butterflies, ground beetles and spiders, in terms of species numbers and/or community composition.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
TL;DR: Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing as discussed by the authors, between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences
Peter M. Vitousek,John D. Aber,Robert W. Howarth,Gene E. Likens,Pamela A. Matson,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,David Tilman +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available scientific evidence shows that human alterations of the nitrogen cycle have approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, with these rates still increasing; increased concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas N 2O globally, and increased concentration of other oxides of nitrogen that drive the formation of photochemical smog over large regions of Earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen
Stephen R. Carpenter,Nina F. Caraco,David L. Correll,Robert W. Howarth,Andrew N. Sharpley,Val H. Smith +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the available scientific information, they are confident that nonpoint pollution of surface waters with P and N could be reduced by reducing surplus nutrient flows in agricultural systems and processes, reducing agricultural and urban runoff by diverse methods, and reducing N emissions from fossil fuel burning, but rates of recovery are highly variable among water bodies.
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