Journal ArticleDOI
Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices
David Tilman,Kenneth G. Cassman,Pamela A. Matson,Pamela A. Matson,Rosamond L. Naylor,Stephen Polasky +5 more
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TLDR
A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society.Abstract:
A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Agriculturalists are the principal managers of global useable lands and will shape, perhaps irreversibly, the surface of the Earth in the coming decades. New incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be crucial if we are to meet the demands of improving yields without compromising environmental integrity or public health.read more
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Response and interaction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soybean rhizosphere
TL;DR: Insight is offered into the mechanistic interactions of AMF and Bradyrhizobium and rhizopheric soil health, and the role of environmental factors in regulating growth, development and sustainable soybean productivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wheat quality in organic and conventional farming: results of a 21 year field experiment
Paul Mäder,Diana Hahn,Diana Hahn,David Dubois,Lucie Gunst,Thomas Alföldi,Hans Bergmann,Michael Oehme,Renato Amadò,Hanna Schneider,Ursula Graf,Alberta Velimirov,Andreas Fließbach,Urs Niggli +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a study on the quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a 21-year agrosystem comparison between organic and conventional farming in central Europe are reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expanding Exergy Analysis to Account for Ecosystem Products and Services
Jorge L. Hau,Bhavik R. Bakshi +1 more
TL;DR: ECEC is shown to be closely related to emergy, and both concepts become equivalent if the analysis boundary, allocation method, and approach for combining global energy inputs are identical, shows that most of the controversial aspects of emergy analysis need not hinder its use for including the exergetic contribution of ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synergies between Agricultural Intensification and Climate Change Could Create Surprising Vulnerabilities for Crops
TL;DR: In this paper, a coffee agroforestry system is studied and the authors conclude that more traditional forms of agriculture can offer greater potential for adapting to changing conditions than do current intensive systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Genetics of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crop Plants.
TL;DR: This review highlights the challenges of developing crop plants with enhanced NUE, using more classical genetic approaches based on utilizing existing allelic variation for NUE traits, and the importance of different factors that lead to changes in the NUE components of nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency ( NUtE).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
TL;DR: Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing as discussed by the authors, between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences
Peter M. Vitousek,John D. Aber,Robert W. Howarth,Gene E. Likens,Pamela A. Matson,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,David Tilman +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available scientific evidence shows that human alterations of the nitrogen cycle have approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, with these rates still increasing; increased concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas N 2O globally, and increased concentration of other oxides of nitrogen that drive the formation of photochemical smog over large regions of Earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen
Stephen R. Carpenter,Nina F. Caraco,David L. Correll,Robert W. Howarth,Andrew N. Sharpley,Val H. Smith +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the available scientific information, they are confident that nonpoint pollution of surface waters with P and N could be reduced by reducing surplus nutrient flows in agricultural systems and processes, reducing agricultural and urban runoff by diverse methods, and reducing N emissions from fossil fuel burning, but rates of recovery are highly variable among water bodies.
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