Journal ArticleDOI
Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices
David Tilman,Kenneth G. Cassman,Pamela A. Matson,Pamela A. Matson,Rosamond L. Naylor,Stephen Polasky +5 more
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TLDR
A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society.Abstract:
A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Agriculturalists are the principal managers of global useable lands and will shape, perhaps irreversibly, the surface of the Earth in the coming decades. New incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be crucial if we are to meet the demands of improving yields without compromising environmental integrity or public health.read more
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Integrating agroecology and landscape multifunctionality in Vermont: An evolving framework to evaluate the design of agroecosystems
Sarah Taylor Lovell,S’ra DeSantis,Chloe A. Nathan,Meryl Olson,V. Ernesto Méndez,Hisashi Kominami,Daniel L. Erickson,Katlyn S. Morris,William B. Morris +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce an evolving framework for evaluating the design of agroecosystems based on a critical review of the literature on landscape multifunctionality and agro-ecology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Life cycle assessment of Swiss farming systems: II. Extensive and intensive production
Thomas Nemecek,Olivier Huguenin-Elie,David Dubois,Gérard Gaillard,Britta Schaller,Andreas Chervet +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) study was carried out for Swiss arable cropping and forage production systems in three long-term experiments (DOC experiment comparing bio-dynamic, bio-organic and conventional farming, the Burgrain experiment including integrated intensive, integrated extensive and organic systems and the Oberacker experiment with conventional ploughing and no-till soil cultivation, are considered in the LCA study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adapting agriculture to climate change: a review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on farm-level and farmers responses to the challenges of climate change both spatially and over time, and suggest a sequenced approach through grouping research initiatives into short-term, medium-term and long-term initiatives.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem
Magnus Nyström,Jean-Baptiste Jouffray,Jean-Baptiste Jouffray,Albert V. Norström,Beatrice Crona,Beatrice Crona,P. Søgaard Jørgensen,P. Søgaard Jørgensen,Stephen R. Carpenter,Örjan Bodin,Victor Galaz,Victor Galaz,Carl Folke,Carl Folke +13 more
TL;DR: This Perspective examines the global production ecosystem through the lenses of connectivity, diversity and feedback, and proposes measures that will increase its stability and sustainability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-term competition between crop plants and soil microbes for inorganic N fertilizer.
Erich Inselsbacher,Nina Hinko-Najera Umana,Florian Stange,Markus Gorfer,Elisabeth Schüller,Katrin Ripka,Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern,Rebecca Hood-Novotny,Joseph Strauss,Wolfgang Wanek +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how crop plants and soil microbes vary in their ability to take up and compete for fertilizer N on a short time scale (hours to days) using 15N tracer techniques.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
TL;DR: Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing as discussed by the authors, between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences
Peter M. Vitousek,John D. Aber,Robert W. Howarth,Gene E. Likens,Pamela A. Matson,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,David Tilman +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available scientific evidence shows that human alterations of the nitrogen cycle have approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, with these rates still increasing; increased concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas N 2O globally, and increased concentration of other oxides of nitrogen that drive the formation of photochemical smog over large regions of Earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen
Stephen R. Carpenter,Nina F. Caraco,David L. Correll,Robert W. Howarth,Andrew N. Sharpley,Val H. Smith +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the available scientific information, they are confident that nonpoint pollution of surface waters with P and N could be reduced by reducing surplus nutrient flows in agricultural systems and processes, reducing agricultural and urban runoff by diverse methods, and reducing N emissions from fossil fuel burning, but rates of recovery are highly variable among water bodies.
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