Antibody Responses in COVID-19: A Review.
Mateo Chvatal-Medina,Yorjagis Mendez-Cortina,Pablo Javier Patiño,Paula A. Velilla,María Teresa Rugeles +4 more
TLDR
In this article, the seroconversion of IgM and IgG occurs at around 12 days post onset of symptoms and most patients have neutralizing titers on days 14-20, with great titer variability.Abstract:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide as a severe pandemic. Although its seroprevalence is highly variable among territories, it has been reported at around 10%, but higher in health workers. Evidence regarding cross-neutralizing response between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is still controversial. However, other previous coronaviruses may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection, since they are phylogenetically related and share the same target receptor. Further, the seroconversion of IgM and IgG occurs at around 12 days post onset of symptoms and most patients have neutralizing titers on days 14-20, with great titer variability. Neutralizing antibodies correlate positively with age, male sex, and severity of the disease. Moreover, the use of convalescent plasma has shown controversial results in terms of safety and efficacy, and due to the variable immune response among individuals, measuring antibody titers before transfusion is mostly required. Similarly, cellular immunity seems to be crucial in the resolution of the infection, as SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells circulate to some extent in recovered patients. Of note, the duration of the antibody response has not been well established yet.read more
Citations
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Reduced Titers of Circulating Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Healthcare Workers during the Nine Months after Immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
Luca Coppeta,Cristiana Ferrari,G Somma,Andrea Mazza,Umberto D’Ancona,Fabbio Marcuccilli,Sandro Grelli,Marco Trabucco Aurilio,Antonio Pietroiusti,Andrea Magrini,Stefano Rizzi +10 more
TL;DR: It is found that 99.5% of the HCWs who received the two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine developed protective antibodies that were maintained at detectable levels for as long as 250 days after the second dose of the vaccine, and none of the study participants contracted severe COVID-19 during the observational period.
Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine induces robust specific and cross-reactive IgG and unequal neutralizing antibodies in naive and previously infected people
Tara M. Narowski,Kristin Raphel,Lily E. Adams,Jenny Yijian Huang,Nadja A. Vielot,Ramesh Jadi,Aravinda M. de Silva,Ralph S. Baric,John Lafleur,Lakshmanane Premkumar +9 more
TL;DR: Zhou et al. as discussed by the authors investigated mRNA-vaccine-induced antibody responses against the reference strain, seven variants, and seasonal coronaviruses in 168 healthy individuals at three time points: before vaccination, after the first dose, and after the second dose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: An Israeli Multi-Center Experience Following 3 Vaccine Doses
Ron Milo,Elsebeth Staun-Ram,Dimitrios Karussis,Arnon Karni,Mark A. Hellmann,Erez Bar-Haim,A. Miller +6 more
TL;DR: PwMS treated with most DMTs developed humoral and T-cell responses following 2 and 3 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations, and vaccination following >5 months since ocrelizumab infusion was associated with better sero-positivity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in Brazil: a subgroup analysis of a phase 4 prospective study
TL;DR: CoronavRheum as mentioned in this paper is an ongoing, prospective, controlled, phase 4 study, in which patients aged 18 years or older with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and healthy controls were recruited from a single site (Rheumatology Division of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo) in Brazil Participants were vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac (intramuscular injection, 3 μg in 0·5 mL of β-propiolactone inactivated SARS-CoV-2) on day 0 and on day 28.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunity after COVID-19 and vaccination: follow-up study over 1 year among medical personnel.
Vivian Glück,Sonja Grobecker,Josef Köstler,Leonid Tydykov,Manuela Bertok,Tanja Weidlich,Christine Gottwald,Bernd Salzberger,Ralf Wagner,Ralf Wagner,Florian Zeman,Michael Koller,André Gessner,André Gessner,Barbara Schmidt,Barbara Schmidt,Thomas Glück,David Peterhoff,David Peterhoff +18 more
TL;DR: The long-term course of immunity among individuals with a history of COVID-19, in particular among those who received a booster vaccination, has not been well defined so far.
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TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1.
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TL;DR: Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 In this research letter, investigators report on the stability of Sars-CoVs and the viability of the two virus under experimental conditions.
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