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Antimicrobial activity of metals: mechanisms, molecular targets and applications

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TLDR
The chemical and toxicological principles that underlie the antimicrobial activity of metals are described and the preferences of metal atoms for specific microbial targets are discussed.
Abstract
Metals have been used as antimicrobial agents since antiquity, but throughout most of history their modes of action have remained unclear. Recent studies indicate that different metals cause discrete and distinct types of injuries to microbial cells as a result of oxidative stress, protein dysfunction or membrane damage. Here, we describe the chemical and toxicological principles that underlie the antimicrobial activity of metals and discuss the preferences of metal atoms for specific microbial targets. Interdisciplinary research is advancing not only our understanding of metal toxicity but also the design of metal-based compounds for use as antimicrobial agents and alternatives to antibiotics.

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Silver(I) and Copper(II) Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-Dione Against Phialophora verrucosa: A Focus on the Interaction With Human Macrophages and Galleria mellonella Larvae.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effect of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and its metal-based complexes against P. verrucosa, focusing on conidial viability when combined with amphotericin B (AmB); biofilm formation and disarticulation events; in vitro interaction with human macrophages; and in vivo infection of Galleria mellonella larvae.
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"Attacking-Attacking" Anti-biofouling Strategy Enabled by Cellulose Nanocrystals-Silver Materials.

TL;DR: CNC/Ag toxicity seems to combine the puncturing effect of the needle-like CNC and the silver's ability to impair the cell membrane and DNA functionalities.
Journal ArticleDOI

Novel naphthalimide–aminobenzamide dyads as OFF/ON fluorescent supramolecular receptors in metal ion binding

TL;DR: In this article, a series of dyads 3 connected by different length polymethylene chains were synthesized and studied as fluorescent supramolecular receptors in metal ion binding, and the photophysical properties were evaluated and compared with separated chromophores.
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Metallomic and lipidomic analysis of S. cerevisiae response to cellulosic copper nanoparticles uncovers drivers of toxicity.

TL;DR: The carboxymethyl cellulose copper nanoparticles investigated in this study have unique and undefined toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is different from CuSO4, suggesting a possible ionic mimicry relationship.
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Stimuli-Activable Metal-Bearing Nanomaterials and Precise On-Demand Antibacterial Strategies.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss a particular family of stimuli-activable metal-bearing nanomaterials (denoted as SAMNs) and associated on-demand antibacterial strategies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Hard and soft acids and bases

TL;DR: In this paper, the rate data for the generalized nucleophilic displacement reaction were reviewed, and the authors presented a method to estimate the rate of the generalized displacement reaction in terms of the number of nucleophiles.
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Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity

TL;DR: In this paper, a property called absolute hardness eta is defined for neutral and charged species, atomic and molecular, for both hard and soft acids and bases, by making use of the hypothesis that extra stability attends bonding of A to B when the ionization potentials of A and B in the molecule are the same.
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Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

TL;DR: Monodisperse samples of silver nanocubes were synthesized in large quantities by reducing silver nitrate with ethylene glycol in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), characterized by a slightly truncated shape bounded by {100, {110}, and {111} facets.
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Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer

TL;DR: This review examines the evidence for involvement of the oxidative stress in the carcinogenesis process and the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the process of carcinogenesis as well as the antioxidant interactions with various regulatory factors.
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The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles

TL;DR: The results indicate that the bactericidal properties of the nanoparticles are size dependent, since the only nanoparticles that present a direct interaction with the bacteria preferentially have a diameter of approximately 1-10 nm.
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