Case Definitions, Diagnostic Algorithms, and Priorities in Encephalitis: Consensus Statement of the International Encephalitis Consortium
Arun Venkatesan,Allan R. Tunkel,Karen C. Bloch,Adam S. Lauring,James J. Sejvar,Ari Bitnun,Jean-Paul Stahl,Alexandra Mailles,M. Drebot,Charles E. Rupprecht,Jonathan S. Yoder,Jennifer R. Cope,Michael R. Wilson,Richard J. Whitley,John S. Sullivan,Julia Granerod,Cheryl A Jones,Keith Eastwood,Katherine N. Ward,Katherine N. Ward,David N Durrheim,M. V. Solbrig,L. Guo-Dong,Carol A. Glaser,Heather Sheriff,David W. Brown,Eileen C. Farnon,Sharon Messenger,Beverley J. Paterson,Ariane Soldatos,Sharon L. Roy,Govinda S. Visvesvara,Michael L. Beach,Roger S. Nasci,Carol Pertowski,Scott Schmid,Lisa Rascoe,Joel M. Montgomery,Suxiang Tong,Robert F. Breiman,Richard Franka,Matt Keuhnert,Fred Angulo,James D. Cherry +43 more
TLDR
A consensus document is presented that proposes a standardized case definition and diagnostic guidelines for evaluation of adults and children with suspected encephalitis and will serve as a practical aid to clinicians evaluating patients with suspectedEncephalitis.Abstract:
Background Encephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in diagnosis and management have been limited, in part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, and priorities for research. Methods In March 2012, the International Encephalitis Consortium, a committee begun in 2010 with members worldwide, held a meeting in Atlanta to discuss recent advances in encephalitis and to set priorities for future study. Results We present a consensus document that proposes a standardized case definition and diagnostic guidelines for evaluation of adults and children with suspected encephalitis. In addition, areas of research priority, including host genetics and selected emerging infections, are discussed. Conclusions We anticipate that this document, representing a synthesis of our discussions and supported by literature, will serve as a practical aid to clinicians evaluating patients with suspected encephalitis and will identify key areas and approaches to advance our knowledge of encephalitis.read more
Citations
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A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis
Francesc Graus,Maarten J. Titulaer,Ramani Balu,Susanne M. Benseler,Christian G. Bien,Tania Cellucci,Irene Cortese,Russell C. Dale,Jeffrey M. Gelfand,Michael D. Geschwind,Carol A. Glaser,Jérôme Honnorat,Romana Höftberger,Takahiro Iizuka,Sarosh R. Irani,Eric Lancaster,Frank Leypoldt,Harald Prüss,Alexander Rae-Grant,Markus Reindl,Myrna R. Rosenfeld,Kevin Rostasy,Albert Saiz,Arun Venkatesan,Angela Vincent,Klaus Peter Wandinger,Patrick Waters,J. Dalmau,J. Dalmau +28 more
TL;DR: Through logical differential diagnosis, levels of evidence for autoimmune encephalitis (possible, probable, or definite) are achieved, which can lead to prompt immunotherapy.
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Neurological Associations of COVID-19
Mark Ellul,Laura A Benjamin,Bhagteshwar Singh,Suzannah Lant,Benedict D Michael,Benedict D Michael,Ava Easton,Rachel Kneen,Sylviane Defres,James Sejvar,Tom Solomon,Tom Solomon,Tom Solomon +12 more
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is of a scale not seen since the 1918 influenza pandemic and the proportion of infections leading to neurological disease will probably remain small.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurological Associations of COVID-19
Mark Ellul,Laura A Benjamin,Laura A Benjamin,Bhagteshwar Singh,Suzannah Lant,Benedict D Michael,Ava Easton,Rachel Kneen,Sylviane Defres,James Sejvar,Tom Solomon +10 more
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is of a scale not seen since the 1918 influenza pandemic and so much of the population infected, the overall number of neurological patients, and their associated health, social and economic costs, may be large.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of COVID-19 on the Nervous System.
TL;DR: A critical appraisal of the potential for neurotropism and mechanisms of neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, as they relate to the acute and chronic neurological consequences of the infection is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis.
Divyanshu Dubey,Sean J. Pittock,Cecilia Kelly,Andrew McKeon,Alfonso Sebastian Lopez-Chiriboga,Vanda A. Lennon,Avi Gadoth,Carin Y. Smith,Sandra C. Bryant,Christopher J. Klein,Allen J. Aksamit,Michel Toledano,Bradley F. Boeve,Jan Mendelt Tillema,Eoin P. Flanagan +14 more
TL;DR: To evaluate the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune encephalitis and compare it to that of infectiousEncephalitis, a large number of patients with known or suspected cases of the disease are referred to a single hospital for evaluation.
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TL;DR: Most patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis respond to immunotherapy; second-line immunotherapy is usually effective when first-line treatments fail, and outcomes continued to improve for up to 18 months after symptom onset.
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