Chromosomal G-dark Bands Determine the Spatial Organization of Centromeric Heterochromatin in the Nucleus
Célia Carvalho,Henrique M. Pereira,João Ferreira,Cristina Pina,Denise Mendonça,Agostinho Rosa,Maria Carmo-Fonseca +6 more
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TLDR
It is shown that the distribution of centromeric alpha-satellite DNA in human lymphoid cells synchronized at G(0)/G(1) is unique for most individual chromosomes, and a model that predicts the intranuclear positioning of centromeres for each individual chromosome predicts that facultative heterochromatinization of distinct genomic regions may contribute to cell-type specific patterns of centRomere localization.Abstract:
Gene expression can be silenced by proximity to heterochromatin blocks containing centromeric α-satellite DNA. This has been shown experimentally through cis-acting chromosome rearrangements resulting in linear genomic proximity, or through trans-acting changes resulting in intranuclear spatial proximity. Although it has long been been established that centromeres are nonrandomly distributed during interphase, little is known of what determines the three-dimensional organization of these silencing domains in the nucleus. Here, we propose a model that predicts the intranuclear positioning of centromeric heterochromatin for each individual chromosome. With the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy, we show that the distribution of centromeric α-satellite DNA in human lymphoid cells synchronized at G0/G1 is unique for most individual chromosomes. Regression analysis reveals a tight correlation between nuclear distribution of centromeric α-satellite DNA and the presence of G-dark bands in the corresponding chromosome. Centromeres surrounded by G-dark bands are preferentially located at the nuclear periphery, whereas centromeres of chromosomes with a lower content of G-dark bands tend to be localized at the nucleolus. Consistent with the model, a t(11; 14) translocation that removes G-dark bands from chromosome 11 causes a repositioning of the centromere, which becomes less frequently localized at the nuclear periphery and more frequently associated with the nucleolus. The data suggest that “chromosomal environment” plays a key role in the intranuclear organization of centromeric heterochromatin. Our model further predicts that facultative heterochromatinization of distinct genomic regions may contribute to cell-type specific patterns of centromere localization.read more
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High-resolution whole-genome sequencing reveals that specific chromatin domains from most human chromosomes associate with nucleoli.
Silvana van Koningsbruggen,Marek Gierlinski,Pieta Schofield,David M. A. Martin,Geoffrey J. Barton,Yavuz Ariyurek,Johan T. den Dunnen,Angus I. Lamond +7 more
TL;DR: This work presents a genomewide, high-resolution study of nucleolar-associated chromatin using comparative genome hybridization, deep sequencing, and photoactivation microscopy, and shows specific regions from most chromosomes associate with nucleoli.
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Major chromatin remodeling in the germinal vesicle (GV) of mammalian oocytes is dispensable for global transcriptional silencing but required for centromeric heterochromatin function
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Three-dimensional arrangements of centromeres and telomeres in nuclei of human and murine lymphocytes.
Claudia Weierich,Alessandro Brero,Stefan Stein,Johann von Hase,Christoph Cremer,Thomas Cremer,Irina Solovei +6 more
TL;DR: The location of centromeres and telomeres was studied in human and mouse lymphocyte nuclei employing 3D-FISH, confocal microscopy, and quantitative image analysis and found a peripheral location of both centromres and CTs for 1, 11, 12, 18, X.
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The contribution of nuclear compartmentalization to gene regulation
TL;DR: Current views on the origins of nuclear compartments and their roles in gene expression are discussed in this article.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: It is shown that transcriptionally inactive but not transcriptionally active genes associate with Ikaros-heterochromatin foci, which support a model of organization of the nucleus in which repressed genes are selectively recruited into centromeric domains.
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TL;DR: The intranuclear organization of chromosomes is not altered in cells that lack the integral nuclear membrane protein emerin, from an individual with X-linked Emery--Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, which suggests that emerin is not necessary for localizing chromosomes at the nuclear periphery and that the muscular Dystrophy phenotype in such individuals is not due to grossly altered nuclear organization of chromatin.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Wallace F. Marshall,Aaron F. Straight,John F. Marko,Jason R. Swedlow,Abby F. Dernburg,Andrew S. Belmont,Andrew W. Murray,David A. Agard,John W. Sedat +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that chromatin is free to undergo substantial Brownian motion, but that a given chromatin segment is confined to a subregion of the nucleus, which leads to a model for the regulation of chromosome interactions by nuclear architecture.