Journal ArticleDOI
Circadian clock system in the pineal gland
Yoshitaka Fukada,Toshiyuki Okano +1 more
TLDR
Avian pineal gland and mammalian SCN seem to share a fundamental molecular framework of the clock oscillator composed of a transcription/translation-based autoregulatory feedback loop.Abstract:
The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine organ that functions as a central circadian oscillator in a variety of nonmammalian vertebrates. In many cases, the pineal gland retains photic input and endocrinal-output pathways both linked tightly to the oscillator. This contrasts well with the mammalian pineal gland equipped only with the output of melatonin production that is subject to neuronal regulation by central circadian oscillator located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Molecular studies on animal clock genes were performed first in Drosophila and later developed in rodents. More recently, clock genes such as Per, Cry, Clock, and Bmal have been found in a variety of vertebrate clock structures including the avian pineal gland. The profiles of the temporal change of the clock gene expression in the avian pineal gland are more similar to those in the mammalian SCN rather than to those in the mammalian pineal gland. Avian pineal gland and mammalian SCN seem to share a fundamental molecular framework of the clock oscillator composed of a transcription/translation-based autoregulatory feedback loop. The circadian time-keeping mechanism also requires several post-translational events, such as protein translocation and degradation processes, in which protein phosphorylation plays a very important role for the stable 24-h cycling of the oscillator and/or the photic-input pathway for entrainment of the clock.read more
Citations
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Ciliary photoreceptors with a vertebrate-type opsin in an invertebrate brain.
TL;DR: Comparative analysis indicates that both types of photoreceptors, with distinct opsins, coexisted in Urbilateria, the last common ancestor of insects and vertebrates, and sheds new light on vertebrate eye evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of feeding and metabolism by neuronal and peripheral clocks in Drosophila
TL;DR: It is proposed that the input of neuronal clocks and clocks in metabolic tissues is coordinated to provide effective energy homeostasis in flies lacking clocks in digestive/metabolic tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current knowledge on the photoneuroendocrine regulation of reproduction in temperate fish species
TL;DR: This review aims to bring together the current knowledge on the photic control of reproduction mainly focusing on seasonal temperate fish species and shape the current working hypotheses supported by recent findings obtained in teleosts or based on knowledge gathered in mammalian and avian species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glutamate signaling in peripheral tissues
TL;DR: Emerging evidence suggests that Glu could play a dual role in mechanisms underlying the maintenance of cellular homeostasis - as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central neurocrine system and an extracellular signal mediator in peripheral autocrine and/or paracrine tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Night/day changes in pineal expression of >600 genes: central role of adrenergic/cAMP signaling.
Michael J. Bailey,Steven L. Coon,David Allan Carter,Ann Humphries,Jong-So Kim,Qiong Shi,Pascaline Gaildrat,Fabrice Morin,Surajit Ganguly,John B. Hogenesch,Joan L. Weller,Martin F. Rath,Morten Møller,Ruben Baler,David Sugden,Zoila G. Rangel,Peter J. Munson,David C. Klein +17 more
TL;DR: Functional categorization of the highly expressed and/or night/day differentially expressed genes identified clusters that are markers of specialized functions, including the immune/inflammation response, melatonin synthesis, photodetection, thyroid hormone signaling, and diverse aspects of cellular signaling and cell biology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Bases for Circadian Clocks
TL;DR: It used to be that research in chronobiology moved biochemical functions [transcriptional activators], the along at a gentlemanly pace, but by mid 1997 the word in determining what the authors perceive as time was PASWCCLK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the CLOCK Protein in the Mammalian Circadian Mechanism
Nicholas Gekakis,David Staknis,David Staknis,David Staknis,Hubert B. Nguyen,Hubert B. Nguyen,Hubert B. Nguyen,Fred C. Davis,Fred C. Davis,Fred C. Davis,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,David P. King,David P. King,David P. King,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph S. Takahashi,Joseph S. Takahashi,Charles J. Weitz,Charles J. Weitz,Charles J. Weitz +21 more
TL;DR: CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers appear to drive the positive component of per transcriptional oscillations, which are thought to underlie circadian rhythmicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resetting Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators in Transgenic Rats
Shin Yamazaki,Rika Numano,Michikazu Abe,Akiko Hida,Ri Ichi Takahashi,Masatsugu Ueda,Gene D. Block,Yoshiyuki Sakaki,Michael Menaker,Hajime Tei +9 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesize that a self-sustained circadian pacemaker in the SCN entrains circadian oscillators in the periphery to maintain adaptive phase control, which is temporarily lost following large, abrupt shifts in the environmental light cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
mCRY1 and mCRY2 are essential components of the negative limb of the circadian clock feedback loop.
Kazuhiko Kume,Mark J. Zylka,Sathyanarayanan Sriram,Lauren P. Shearman,David R. Weaver,Xiaowei Jin,Elizabeth S. Maywood,Michael H. Hastings,Steven M. Reppert +8 more
TL;DR: It is determined that two mouse cryptochrome genes, mCry1 and mCry2, act in the negative limb of the clock feedback loop, and the mPER and mCRY proteins appear to inhibit the transcriptional complex differentially.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mop3 Is an Essential Component of the Master Circadian Pacemaker in Mammals
Maureen K. Bunger,Lisa D. Wilsbacher,Susan M. Moran,Cynthia Clendenin,Laurel A. Radcliffe,John B. Hogenesch,M. Celeste Simon,Joseph S. Takahashi,Christopher A. Bradfield +8 more
TL;DR: Analysis of Period gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) indicates that these behavioral phenotypes arise from loss of circadian function at the molecular level, and provides genetic evidence that MOP3 is the bona fide heterodimeric partner of mCLOCK.