Colorectal cancer: genetic abnormalities, tumor progression, tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution and tumor-initiating cells
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Experimental evidence suggests that colorectal cancers may derive from the malignant transformation of intestinal stem cells or of intestinal cells that acquire stem cell properties following malignant Transformation, and Colon cancer stem cells seem to be involved in tumor chemoresistance, radioresistance and relapse.Abstract:
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Most colorectal cancer occurrences are sporadic, not related to genetic predisposition or family history; however, 20–30% of patients with colorectal cancer have a family history of colorectal cancer and 5% of these tumors arise in the setting of a Mendelian inheritance syndrome. In many patients, the development of a colorectal cancer is preceded by a benign neoplastic lesion: either an adenomatous polyp or a serrated polyp. Studies carried out in the last years have characterized the main molecular alterations occurring in colorectal cancers, showing that the tumor of each patient displays from two to eight driver mutations. The ensemble of molecular studies, including gene expression studies, has led to two proposed classifications of colorectal cancers, with the identification of four/five non-overlapping groups. The homeostasis of the rapidly renewing intestinal epithelium is ensured by few stem cells present at the level of the base of intestinal crypts. Various experimental evidence suggests that colorectal cancers may derive from the malignant transformation of intestinal stem cells or of intestinal cells that acquire stem cell properties following malignant transformation. Colon cancer stem cells seem to be involved in tumor chemoresistance, radioresistance and relapse.read more
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Dissertation
Functional engraftment of colon epithelium expanded in vitro from a single adult Lgr5⁺ stem cell
Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention
TL;DR: An independent approach based solely on cancer genome sequencing and epidemiological data suggested that R mutations are responsible for two-thirds of the mutations in human cancers, and results are consistent with epidemiological estimates of the fraction of cancers that can be prevented by changes in the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human Breast, Colorectal, Lung, Ovarian and Prostate Cancers
Irina Larionova,Irina Larionova,Gulnara Tuguzbaeva,Anastasia Ponomaryova,Marina N Stakheyeva,Nadezhda V. Cherdyntseva,Nadezhda V. Cherdyntseva,Valentin Pavlov,Evgeniy Choinzonov,Julia Kzhyshkowska,Julia Kzhyshkowska,Julia Kzhyshkowska +11 more
TL;DR: TAMs are highly heterogeneous cells that originate from resident tissue-specific macrophages and from newly recruited monocytes as mentioned in this paper, which constitute up to 50% of the cell mass of human tumors.
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Camille Evrard,Gaëlle Tachon,Gaëlle Tachon,Violaine Randrian,Lucie Karayan-Tapon,Lucie Karayan-Tapon,David Tougeron +6 more
TL;DR: This review aims to detail the standard techniques used for the determination of MMR and MSI status, along with their advantages and limits, and presents new and accurate methods aimed at determining MMR/MSI status.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer
Donna M. Muzny,Matthew N. Bainbridge,Kyle Chang,Huyen Dinh,Jennifer Drummond,Gerald R. Fowler,Christie Kovar,Lora Lewis,Margaret Morgan,Irene Newsham,Jeffrey G. Reid,Jireh Santibanez,Eve Shinbrot,Lisa R. Trevino,Yuan Qing Wu,Min Wang,Preethi H. Gunaratne,Preethi H. Gunaratne,Lawrence A. Donehower,Chad J. Creighton,David A. Wheeler,Richard A. Gibbs,Michael S. Lawrence,Douglas Voet,Rui Jing,Kristian Cibulskis,Andrey Sivachenko,Andrey Sivachenko,Petar Stojanov,Aaron McKenna,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Stacey Gabriel,Li Ding,Robert S. Fulton,Daniel C. Koboldt,Todd Wylie,Jason Walker,David J. Dooling,Lucinda Fulton,Kim D. Delehaunty,Catrina Fronick,Ryan Demeter,Elaine R. Mardis,Richard K. Wilson,Andy Chu,Hye Jung E. Chun,Andrew J. Mungall,Erin Pleasance,A. Gordon Robertson,Dominik Stoll,Miruna Balasundaram,Inanc Birol,Yaron S.N. Butterfield,Eric Chuah,Robin J.N. Coope,Noreen Dhalla,Ranabir Guin,Carrie Hirst,Martin Hirst,Robert A. Holt,Darlene Lee,Haiyan I. Li,Michael Mayo,Richard A. Moore,Jacqueline E. Schein,Jared R. Slobodan,Angela Tam,Nina Thiessen,Richard Varhol,Thomas Zeng,Yongjun Zhao,Steven J.M. Jones,Marco A. Marra,Adam J. Bass,Alex H. Ramos,Gordon Saksena,Andrew D. Cherniack,Stephen E. Schumacher,Barbara Tabak,Scott L. Carter,Nam Pho,Huy V. Nguyen,Robert C. Onofrio,Andrew Crenshaw,Kristin G. Ardlie,Rameen Beroukhim,Wendy Winckler,Matthew Meyerson,Alexei Protopopov,Angela Hadjipanayis,Eunjung Lee,Ruibin Xi,Lixing Yang,Xiaojia Ren,Narayanan Sathiamoorthy,Peng Chieh Chen,Psalm Haseley,Yonghong Xiao,Semin Lee,Jonathan G. Seidman,Lynda Chin,Peter J. Park,Raju Kucherlapati,J. Todd Auman,Katherine A. Hoadley,Ying Du,Matthew D. Wilkerson,Yan Shi,Christina Liquori,Shaowu Meng,Ling Li,Yidi J. Turman,Michael D. Topal,Donghui Tan,Scot Waring,Elizabeth Buda,Jesse Walsh,Corbin D. Jones,Piotr A. Mieczkowski,Darshan Singh,Junyuan Wu,Anisha Gulabani,Peter Dolina,Tom Bodenheimer,Alan P. Hoyle,Janae V. Simons,Matthew G. Soloway,Lisle E. Mose,Stuart R. Jefferys,Saianand Balu,Brian O'Connor,Jan F. Prins,Derek Y. Chiang,D. Neil Hayes,Charles M. Perou,Toshinori Hinoue,Daniel J. Weisenberger,Dennis T. Maglinte,Fei Pan,Benjamin P. Berman,David Van Den Berg,Hui Shen,Timothy J. Triche,Stephen B. Baylin,Peter W. Laird,Gad Getz,Michael S. Noble,Doug Voat,Nils Gehlenborg,Daniel DiCara,Juinhua Zhang,Hailei Zhang,Chang-Jiun Wu,Spring Yingchun Liu,Sachet A. Shukla,Lihua Zhou,Pei Lin,Richard W. Park,Marc Danie Nazaire,James A. Robinson,Helga Thorvaldsdottir,Jill P. Mesirov,Vesteinn Thorsson,Sheila Reynolds,Brady Bernard,Richard Kreisberg,Jake Lin,Lisa Iype,Ryan Bressler,Timo Erkkilä,Madhumati Gundapuneni,Yuexin Liu,Adam Norberg,Thomas Robinson,Da Yang,Wei Zhang,Ilya Shmulevich,Jorma J. de Ronde,Jorma J. de Ronde,Nikolaus Schultz,Ethan Cerami,Giovanni Ciriello,Arthur P. Goldberg,Benjamin Gross,Anders Jacobsen,Jianjiong Gao,Bogumil Kaczkowski,Rileen Sinha,B. Arman Aksoy,Yevgeniy Antipin,Boris Reva,Ronglai Shen,Barry S. Taylor,Marc Ladanyi,Chris Sander,Rehan Akbani,Nianxiang Zhang,Bradley M. Broom,Tod D. Casasent,Anna K. Unruh,Chris Wakefield,Stanley R. Hamilton,R. Craig Cason,Keith A. Baggerly,John N. Weinstein,David Haussler,Christopher C. Benz,Joshua M. Stuart,Stephen C. Benz,J. Zachary Sanborn,Charles J. Vaske,Jingchun Zhu,Christopher Szeto,Gary K. Scott,Christina Yau,Sam Ng,Theodore C. Goldstein,Kyle Ellrott,Eric A. Collisson,Aaron E. Cozen,Daniel R. Zerbino,Christopher Wilks,Brian Craft,Paul T. Spellman,Robert Penny,Troy Shelton,Martha Hatfield,Scott Morris,Peggy Yena,Candace Shelton,Mark Sherman,Joseph Paulauskis,Julie M. Gastier-Foster,Julie M. Gastier-Foster,Jay Bowen,Nilsa C. Ramirez,Nilsa C. Ramirez,Aaron D. Black,Robert E. Pyatt,Robert E. Pyatt,Lisa Wise,Peter White,Peter White,Monica M. Bertagnolli,Jen Brown,Timothy A. Chan,Gerald C. Chu,Christine Czerwinski,Fred Denstman,Rajiv Dhir,Arnulf Dörner,Charles S. Fuchs,Jose G. Guillem,Mary Iacocca,Hartmut Juhl,Andrew Kaufman,Bernard Kohl,Xuan Van Le,Maria C. Mariano,Elizabeth N. Medina,Michael Meyers,Garrett M. Nash,P. Paty,Nicholas J. Petrelli,Brenda Rabeno,William G. Richards,David B. Solit,Pat Swanson,Larissa K. Temple,Joel E. Tepper,Richard Thorp,Efsevia Vakiani,Martin R. Weiser,Joseph Willis,Gary Witkin,Zhaoshi Zeng,Michael J. Zinner,Carsten Zornig,Mark A. Jensen,Robert Sfeir,Ari B. Kahn,Anna L. Chu,Prachi Kothiyal,Zhining Wang,Eric E. Snyder,Joan Pontius,Todd Pihl,Brenda Ayala,Mark Backus,Jessica Walton,Jon Whitmore,Julien Baboud,Dominique L. Berton,Matthew C. Nicholls,Deepak Srinivasan,Rohini Raman,Stanley Girshik,Peter A. Kigonya,Shelley Alonso,Rashmi N. Sanbhadti,Sean P. Barletta,John M. Greene,David Pot,Kenna R. Mills Shaw,Laura A.L. Dillon,Kenneth H. Buetow,Tanja Davidsen,John A. Demchok,Greg Eley,Martin L. Ferguson,Peter Fielding,Carl F. Schaefer,Margi Sheth,Liming Yang,Mark S. Guyer,Bradley A. Ozenberger,Jacqueline D. Palchik,Jane Peterson,Heidi J. Sofia,Elizabeth J. Thomson +320 more
TL;DR: Integrative analyses suggest new markers for aggressive colorectal carcinoma and an important role for MYC-directed transcriptional activation and repression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell
Dominique Bonnet,John E. Dick +1 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the cell capable of initiating human AML in non-obese diabetic mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID mice) — termed the SCID leukemia-initiating cell, or SL-IC — possesses the differentiate and proliferative capacities and the potential for self-renewal expected of a leukemic stem cell.
Journal ArticleDOI
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche.
Toshiro Sato,Robert G.J. Vries,Hugo J. Snippert,Marc van de Wetering,Nick Barker,Daniel E. Stange,Johan H. van Es,Arie Abo,Pekka Kujala,Peter J. Peters,Hans Clevers +10 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that intestinal cryptvillus units are self-organizing structures, which can be built from a single stem cell in the absence of a non-epithelial cellular niche.
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