Journal ArticleDOI
Combat wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom and operation Enduring Freedom
Brett D. Owens,John F Kragh,Joseph C. Wenke,Joseph M Macaitis,Charles E. Wade,John B. Holcomb +5 more
TLDR
The wounding patterns currently seen in Iraq and Afghanistan resemble the patterns from previous conflicts, with some notable exceptions: a greater proportion of head and neck wounds, and a lower proportion of thoracic wounds.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: There have been no large cohort reports detailing the wounding patterns and mechanisms in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS: The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried for all US service members receiving treatment for wounds (International Classification of Diseases-9th Rev. codes 800-960) sustained in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom from October 2001 through January 2005. Returned-to-duty and nonbattle injuries were excluded from final analysis. RESULTS: This query resulted in 3,102 casualties, of which 31% were classified as nonbattle injuries and 18% were returned-to-duty within 72 hours. A total of 1,566 combatants sustained 6,609 combat wounds. The locations of these wounds were as follows: head (8%), eyes (6%), ears (3%), face (10%), neck (3%), thorax (6%), abdomen (11%), and extremity (54%). The proportion of head and neck wounds is higher (p < 0.0001) than the proportion experienced in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam wars (16%-21%). The proportion of thoracic wounds is a decrease (p < 0.0001) from World War II and Vietnam (13%). The proportion of gunshot wounds was 18%, whereas the proportion sustained from explosions was 78%. CONCLUSIONS: The wounding patterns currently seen in Iraq and Afghanistan resemble the patterns from previous conflicts, with some notable exceptions: a greater proportion of head and neck wounds, and a lower proportion of thoracic wounds. An explosive mechanism accounted for 78% of injuries, which is the highest proportion seen in any large-scale conflict. Language: enread more
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Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research
Andrew I R Maas,David K. Menon,P. David Adelson,Nada Andelic,Michael J. Bell,Antonio Belli,Peter Bragge,Alexandra Brazinova,Andras Buki,Randall M. Chesnut,Giuseppe Citerio,Mark Coburn,D. Jamie Cooper,A Tamara Crowder,Endre Czeiter,Marek Czosnyka,Ramon Diaz-Arrastia,Jens P. Dreier,Ann-Christine Duhaime,Ari Ercole,Thomas A. van Essen,Valery L. Feigin,Guoyi Gao,Joseph T. Giacino,Laura E. Gonzalez-Lara,Russell L. Gruen,Russell L. Gruen,Deepak Gupta,Jed A. Hartings,Sean Hill,Jiyao Jiang,Naomi Ketharanathan,Erwin J. O. Kompanje,Linda Lanyon,Steven Laureys,Fiona Lecky,Harvey S. Levin,Hester F. Lingsma,Marc Maegele,Marek Majdan,Geoffrey T. Manley,Jill A. Marsteller,Luciana Mascia,Charles McFadyen,Stefania Mondello,Virginia F. J. Newcombe,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Aarno Palotie,Paul M. Parizel,Wilco C. Peul,James Piercy,Suzanne Polinder,Louis Puybasset,Todd E. Rasmussen,Rolf Rossaint,Peter Smielewski,Jeannette Söderberg,Simon J. Stanworth,Murray B. Stein,Nicole von Steinbüchel,William Stewart,Ewout W. Steyerberg,Ewout W. Steyerberg,Nino Stocchetti,Anneliese Synnot,Anneliese Synnot,Braden Te Ao,Olli Tenovuo,Alice Theadom,Dick Tibboel,Walter Videtta,Kevin K.W. Wang,W. Huw Williams,Lindsay Wilson,Kristine Yaffe,Hadie Adams,Vanni Agnoletti,Judith Allanson,Krisztina Amrein,Norberto Andaluz,Audny Anke,Anna Antoni,Arjan Bastiaan van As,Gérard Audibert,Antun Azaševac,Philippe Azouvi,Maria Luisa Azzolini,Camelia Baciu,Rafael Badenes,Karen M. Barlow,Ronald H. M. A. Bartels,Ursula Bauerfeind,Miriam H. Beauchamp,Darcy Beer,Ronny Beer,Francisco Javier Belda,Bo-Michael Bellander,Rémy Bellier,Habib Benali,Thierry Benard,Valzerda Beqiri,Luigi Beretta,Francis Bernard,Guido Bertolini,Federico Bilotta,Morten Blaabjerg,Hugo den Boogert,Kathy Boutis,Pierre Bouzat,Brian L. Brooks,Camilla Brorsson,Monika Bullinger,Emma Burns,Calappi E,Peter Cameron,Elsa Carise,Ana M. Castaño-Leon,Francesco Causin,Giorgio Chevallard,Arturo Chieregato,Brian R. Christie,Maryse C. Cnossen,Jonathan P. Coles,Johnny Collett,Francesco Della Corte,William Craig,Gábor Csató,Ákos Csomós,Nicola Curry,Claire Dahyot-Fizelier,Helen Dawes,Carol DeMatteo,Bart Depreitere,Deborah Dewey,Jeroen T. J. M. van Dijck,Đula Đilvesi,Diederik W.J. Dippel,Kemal Dizdarevic,Emma Donoghue,Or Duek,Guy-Loup Dulière,Adelaida Dzeko,George A. Eapen,Carolyn A. Emery,Shane W. English,Patrick Esser,Erzsébet Ezer,Martin Fabricius,Junfeng Feng,Dean Fergusson,Anthony Figaji,Joanne Fleming,Kelly A Foks,G. Francony,Stephen B. Freedman,Ulderico Freo,Shirin Frisvold,Isabelle Gagnon,Damien Galanaud,Dashiell Gantner,Benoit Giraud,Ben Glocker,Jagos Golubovic,Pedro A Gómez López,Wayne A. Gordon,Primoz Gradisek,Jocelyn Gravel,Donald E. G. Griesdale,Francesca Grossi,Juanita A. Haagsma,Asta Håberg,Iain K. Haitsma,Wim Van Hecke,Raimund Helbok,Eirik Helseth,Caroline M. van Heugten,Cornelia W. E. Hoedemaekers,Stefan Höfer,Lindsay Horton,Jiyuan Hui,Jilske A Huijben,Peter J. Hutchinson,Bram Jacobs,Mathieu van der Jagt,Stefan Jankowski,Koen Janssens,Bojan Jelaca,Kelly Jones,Konstantinos Kamnitsas,Rafael Kaps,Mladen Karan,Ari Katila,Kirsi-Maija Kaukonen,Véronique De Keyser,Riku Kivisaari,Angelos G. Kolias,Balint Kolumban,Ksenija Kolundžija,Daniel Kondziella,Lars-Owe D. Koskinen,Noémi Kovács,Andreas H. Kramer,Demitri Kutsogiannis,Theodoros Kyprianou,Alfonso Lagares,Francois Lamontagne,Roberto Latini,François Lauzier,Isaac Lazar,Christian Ledig,Rolf Lefering,Valerie Legrand,Leon Levi,Roger Lightfoot,Angels Lozano,Stephen MacDonald,Sebastian Major,Alex Manara,Pauline Manhes,Hugues Maréchal,Costanza Martino,Alessandro Masala,Serge Masson,Julia Mattern,Bradford J. McFadyen,Catherine McMahon,Maureen O. Meade,Béla Melegh,Tomas Menovsky,Lynne Moore,Marta M Correia,Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann,Holger Muehlan,Pratik Mukherjee,Lynnette Murray,Joukje van der Naalt,Ancuta Negru,David W. Nelson,Daan Nieboer,Quentin Noirhomme,József Nyirádi,Mauro Oddo,David O. Okonkwo,Annemarie W. Oldenbeuving,Fabrizio Ortolano,Martin H. Osmond,Jean-François Payen,Vincent Perlbarg,Paolo Persona,Nicolas Pichon,Anna Piippo-Karjalainen,Sebastien Pili-Floury,Matti Pirinen,Horia Ple,Maria A. Poca,Jussi P. Posti,Dominique Van Praag,Alain Ptito,Andreea Radoi,Arminas Ragauskas,Arminas Ragauskas,Rahul Raj,Ruben G. L. Real,Nick Reed,Jonathan Rhodes,Claudia S. Robertson,Saulius Rocka,Saulius Rocka,Cecilie Røe,Olav Røise,Gerwin Roks,Jonathan Rosand,Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld,Christina Rosenlund,Guy Rosenthal,Sandra Rossi,Daniel Rueckert,Godard C.W. de Ruiter,Marco Sacchi,Barbara J. Sahakian,Juan Sahuquillo,Oliver W. Sakowitz,Gerardo Salvato,Renán Sánchez-Porras,János Sándor,Grinder Sangha,Nadine Schäfer,Silke Schmidt,Kathryn J Schneider,David M. Schnyer,Herbert Schöhl,Guus G. Schoonman,Rico Frederik Schou,Özcan Sir,Toril Skandsen,Dirk Smeets,Abayomi Sorinola,Emmanuel Stamatakis,Ana Stevanovic,Robert Stevens,Nina Sundström,Fabio Silvio Taccone,Fabio Silvio Taccone,Riikka S.K. Takala,Päivi Tanskanen,Mark Taylor,Ralph Telgmann,Nancy R. Temkin,Guido Teodorani,Matthew Thomas,Christos M. Tolias,Tony Trapani,Alexis F. Turgeon,Peter Vajkoczy,Alex B. Valadka,Egils Valeinis,Shirley Vallance,Zoltan Vamos,Alessia Vargiolu,Emmanuel Vega,Jan Verheyden,Anne Vik,Rimantas Vilcinis,Carmen L.A. Vleggeert-Lankamp,Lidia Vogt,Victor Volovici,Daphne C. Voormolen,Peter Vulekovic,Thijs Vande Vyvere,Julia Van Waesberghe,Lars Wessels,Eno Wildschut,Guy B. Williams,Maren K.L. Winkler,Stefan Wolf,Gordon Wood,Nektaria Xirouchaki,Alexander Younsi,Menashe Zaaroor,Veronika Zelinkova,Roger Zemek,Fabrizio Zumbo +342 more
TL;DR: The InTBIR Participants and Investigators have provided informed consent for the study to take place in Poland.
BookDOI
Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Preliminary Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families
Veterans,Their Families +1 more
Abstract: As of December 2012, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in Iraq have resulted in the deployment of about 22 million troops; there have been 2,222 US fatalities in OEF and Operation New Dawn (OND)1 and 4,422 in OIF The numbers of wounded US troops exceed 16,000 in Afghanistan and 32,000 in Iraq In addition to deaths and morbidity, the operations have unforeseen consequences that are yet to be fully understoodIn contrast with previous conflicts, the all-volunteer military has experienced numerous deployments of individual service members; has seen increased deployments of women, parents of young children, and reserve and National Guard troops; and in some cases has been subject to longer deployments and shorter times at home between deployments Numerous reports in the popular press have made the public aware of issues that have pointed to the difficulty of military personnel in readjusting after returning from Iraq and Afghanistan Many of those who have served in OEF and OIF readjust with few difficulties, but others have problems in readjusting to home, reconnecting with family members, finding employment, and returning to schoolIn response to the return of large numbers of veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan with physical-health and mental-health problems and to the growing readjustment needs of active duty service members, veterans, and their family members, Congress included Section 1661 of the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 2008 That section required the secretary of defense, in consultation with the secretary of veterans affairs, to enter into an agreement with the National Academies for a study of the physical-health, mental-health, and other readjustment needs of members and former members of the armed forces who were deployed in OIF or OEF, their families, and their communities as a result of such deploymentThe study consisted of two phases The Phase 1 task was to conduct a preliminary assessment The Phase 2 task was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the physical, psychologic, social, and economic effects of deployment on and identification of gaps in care for members and former members, their families, and their communities The Phase 1 report was completed in March 2010 and delivered to the Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and the relevant committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate The secretaries of DOD and VA responded to the Phase 1 report in September 2010 Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families fulfills the requirement for Phase 2
Journal ArticleDOI
Injuries from explosions: Physics, biophysics, pathology, and required research focus
TL;DR: Data from Iraq and Afghanistan confirm that survivable injuries from explosions are dominated by penetrating fragment wounds, substantiating longstanding and well-known blast physics mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive sequelae of blast-related versus other mechanisms of brain trauma.
TL;DR: The results do not provide any strong evidence that blast is categorically different from other TBI mechanisms, at least with regard to cognitive sequelae on select measures, and findings included a marginally increased incidence of reported posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among blast-injured participants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volumetric muscle loss.
Brian F Grogan,Joseph R. Hsu +1 more
TL;DR: Clinical photographs and video recordings, range of motion measurements, manual muscle strength testing, and isokinetic muscle function testing may prove to be useful in documenting VML.
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TL;DR: The purpose of the review is to describe the experience of the 555FST during the assault phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom, which found majority of the life threatening injuries evaluated involved EPWs.
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