Cosmic-Ray Propagation and Interactions in the Galaxy
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A survey of the theory and experimental tests for the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy up to energies of 10 15 eV is given in this article, followed by an exposition of basic principles.Abstract:
We survey the theory and experimental tests for the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy up to energies of 10 15 eV. A guide to the previous reviews and essential literature is given, followed by an exposition of basic principles. The basic ideas of cosmic-ray propagation are described, and the physical origin of its processes is explained. The various techniques for computing the observational consequences of the theory are described and contrasted. These include analytical and numerical techniques. We present the comparison of models with data, including direct and indirect—especially γ-ray—observations, and indicate what we can learn about cosmic-ray propagation. Some important topics, including electron and antiparticle propagation, are chosen for discussion.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fermi Large Area Telescope Second Source Catalog
P. L. Nolan,A. A. Abdo,A. A. Abdo,Markus Ackermann,Marco Ajello,Alice Allafort,Elisa Antolini,Elisa Antolini,W. B. Atwood,Magnus Axelsson,Magnus Axelsson,Luca Baldini,Jean Ballet,Guido Barbiellini,Guido Barbiellini,Denis Bastieri,Denis Bastieri,Keith Bechtol,Andrea Belfiore,Andrea Belfiore,Andrea Belfiore,Ronaldo Bellazzini,B. Berenji,Giovanni F. Bignami,Roger Blandford,E. D. Bloom,Emanuele Bonamente,Emanuele Bonamente,J. Bonnell,J. Bonnell,A. W. Borgland,Eugenio Bottacini,A. Bouvier,T. J. Brandt,T. J. Brandt,Johan Bregeon,M. Brigida,M. Brigida,P. Bruel,R. Buehler,T. H. Burnett,S. Buson,S. Buson,G. A. Caliandro,R. A. Cameron,Riccardo Campana,B. Canadas,B. Canadas,A. Cannon,A. Cannon,P. A. Caraveo,J. M. Casandjian,E. Cavazzuti,M. Ceccanti,C. Cecchi,C. Cecchi,Omer Celik,Omer Celik,Eric Charles,A. Chekhtman,C. C. Cheung,C. C. Cheung,C. C. Cheung,James Chiang,R. Chipaux,Stefano Ciprini,R. Claus,Johann Cohen-Tanugi,L. R. Cominsky,Jan Conrad,Jan Conrad,R. H. D. Corbet,R. H. D. Corbet,S. Cutini,Filippo D'Ammando,David S. Davis,David S. Davis,A. De Angelis,M. E. DeCesar,M. E. DeCesar,M. Deklotz,A. De Luca,P. R. den Hartog,F. de Palma,F. de Palma,Charles D. Dermer,Seth Digel,E. Do Couto E Silva,Persis S. Drell,Alex Drlica-Wagner,R. Dubois,D. Dumora,Teruaki Enoto,L. Escande,D. Fabiani,L. Falletti,C. Favuzzi,C. Favuzzi,S. J. Fegan,Elizabeth C. Ferrara,W. B. Focke,P. Fortin,M. Frailis,Yasushi Fukazawa,Stefan Funk,P. Fusco,P. Fusco,F. Gargano,Dario Gasparrini,Neil Gehrels,S. Germani,S. Germani,B. Giebels,Nicola Giglietto,Nicola Giglietto,Paolo Giommi,Francesco Giordano,Francesco Giordano,Marcello Giroletti,T. Glanzman,G. Godfrey,I. A. Grenier,M. H. Grondin,M. H. Grondin,J. E. Grove,L. Guillemot,Sylvain Guiriec,Mats Gustafsson,Daniela Hadasch,Y. Hanabata,Alice K. Harding,M. Hayashida,M. Hayashida,E. Hays,A. B. Hill,D. Horan,X. Hou,R. E. Hughes,G. Iafrate,Ryosuke Itoh,Gudlaugur Johannesson,R. P. Johnson,T. E. Johnson,A. S. Johnson,Tyrel J. Johnson,Tyrel J. Johnson,Tyrel J. Johnson,T. Kamae,Hideaki Katagiri,Jun Kataoka,J. Katsuta,Nobuyuki Kawai,Matthew Kerr,Jürgen Knödlseder,Jürgen Knödlseder,D. Kocevski,M. Kuss,J. Lande,D. Landriu,Luca Latronico,Marianne Lemoine-Goumard,Andrea Lionetto,Andrea Lionetto,M. Llena Garde,Francesco Longo,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,F. Loparco,Benoit Lott,M. N. Lovellette,P. Lubrano,P. Lubrano,G. M. Madejski,M. Marelli,Enrico Massaro,M. N. Mazziotta,W. McConville,W. McConville,Julie McEnery,Julie McEnery,J. Mehault,Peter F. Michelson,Massimo Minuti,W. Mitthumsiri,Tsunefumi Mizuno,A. A. Moiseev,A. A. Moiseev,M. Mongelli,C. Monte,C. Monte,M. E. Monzani,A. Morselli,Igor V. Moskalenko,S. Murgia,Takeshi Nakamori,M. Naumann-Godo,Jay P. Norris,E. Nuss,T. Nymark,T. Nymark,Masanori Ohno,T. Ohsugi,Akira Okumura,Nicola Omodei,E. Orlando,J. F. Ormes,M. Ozaki,David Paneque,David Paneque,J. H. Panetta,D. Parent,D. Parent,J. S. Perkins,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,M. Pierbattista,Michele Pinchera,F. Piron,G. Pivato,T. A. Porter,Judith Racusin,S. Rainò,S. Rainò,Riccardo Rando,Riccardo Rando,M. Razzano,M. Razzano,Soebur Razzaque,Soebur Razzaque,A. Reimer,Olaf Reimer,T. Reposeur,Steven Ritz,L. S. Rochester,Roger W. Romani,M. Roth,R. Rousseau,Felix Ryde,Felix Ryde,Hartmut Sadrozinski,David Salvetti,Daniel Sánchez,P. M. Saz Parkinson,C. Sbarra,Jeffrey D. Scargle,T. L. Schalk,Carmelo Sgrò,M. S. Shaw,Chris Shrader,E. J. Siskind,David A. Smith,Gloria Spandre,P. Spinelli,P. Spinelli,T. E. Stephens,T. E. Stephens,M. S. Strickman,D. J. Suson,Hiroyasu Tajima,Hiroyasu Tajima,Hiromitsu Takahashi,Tadayuki Takahashi,Takaaki Tanaka,J. G. Thayer,J. B. Thayer,D. J. Thompson,L. Tibaldo,L. Tibaldo,O. Tibolla,F. Tinebra,M. Tinivella,Diego F. Torres,Diego F. Torres,Gino Tosti,Gino Tosti,Eleonora Troja,Yasunobu Uchiyama,Justin Vandenbroucke,A. Van Etten,B. van Klaveren,V. Vasileiou,Giacomo Vianello,V. Vitale,V. Vitale,A. P. Waite,E. Wallace,P. Wang,Michael Werner,Brian L Winer,D. L. Wood,D. L. Wood,K. S. Wood,Matthew Wood,Zhenwei Yang,Stephan Zimmer +293 more
TL;DR: The second Fermi-LAT catalog (2FGL) as mentioned in this paper includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in terms either power-law, exponentially cutoff power law, or log-normal forms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fermi large area telescope first source catalog
A. A. Abdo,A. A. Abdo,Markus Ackermann,Marco Ajello,Alice Allafort,Elisa Antolini,Elisa Antolini,W. B. Atwood,Magnus Axelsson,Magnus Axelsson,Luca Baldini,Jean Ballet,Guido Barbiellini,Guido Barbiellini,Denis Bastieri,Denis Bastieri,B. M. Baughman,Keith Bechtol,Ronaldo Bellazzini,F. Belli,F. Belli,B. Berenji,Dario Bisello,Dario Bisello,Roger Blandford,E. D. Bloom,Emanuele Bonamente,Emanuele Bonamente,J. Bonnell,J. Bonnell,A. W. Borgland,A. Bouvier,Johan Bregeon,Alessandro Brez,M. Brigida,M. Brigida,P. Bruel,T. H. Burnett,G. Busetto,G. Busetto,S. Buson,S. Buson,G. A. Caliandro,R. A. Cameron,Riccardo Campana,B. Canadas,B. Canadas,P. A. Caraveo,S. Carrigan,J. M. Casandjian,E. Cavazzuti,M. Ceccanti,C. Cecchi,C. Cecchi,Omer Celik,Omer Celik,Eric Charles,A. Chekhtman,A. Chekhtman,C. C. Cheung,C. C. Cheung,James Chiang,A. N. Cillis,Stefano Ciprini,R. Claus,Johann Cohen-Tanugi,Jan Conrad,Jan Conrad,R. H. D. Corbet,R. H. D. Corbet,David S. Davis,David S. Davis,M. Deklotz,P. R. den Hartog,Charles D. Dermer,A. De Angelis,A. De Luca,F. de Palma,F. de Palma,Seth Digel,M. Dormody,E. Do Couto E Silva,Persis S. Drell,R. Dubois,D. Dumora,D. Fabiani,C. Farnier,C. Favuzzi,C. Favuzzi,S. J. Fegan,Elizabeth C. Ferrara,W. B. Focke,P. Fortin,M. Frailis,Yasushi Fukazawa,Stefan Funk,P. Fusco,P. Fusco,F. Gargano,Dario Gasparrini,Neil Gehrels,S. Germani,S. Germani,Gianluca Giavitto,Gianluca Giavitto,B. Giebels,Nicola Giglietto,Nicola Giglietto,Paolo Giommi,F. Giordano,F. Giordano,Marcello Giroletti,T. Glanzman,G. Godfrey,I. A. Grenier,M.-H. Grondin,M.-H. Grondin,J. E. Grove,L. Guillemot,Sylvain Guiriec,Mats Gustafsson,D. Hadasch,Y. Hanabata,Alice K. Harding,M. Hayashida,E. Hays,S. E. Healey,A. B. Hill,D. Horan,R. E. Hughes,G. Iafrate,Gudlaugur Johannesson,A. S. Johnson,R. P. Johnson,Tyrel J. Johnson,Tyrel J. Johnson,W. N. Johnson,T. Kamae,Hideaki Katagiri,Jun Kataoka,Nobuyuki Kawai,Matthew Kerr,Jürgen Knödlseder,D. Kocevski,M. Kuss,J. Lande,D. Landriu,Luca Latronico,Shiu-Hang Lee,M. Lemoine-Goumard,Andrea Lionetto,Andrea Lionetto,M. Llena Garde,Francesco Longo,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,F. Loparco,B. Lott,M. N. Lovellette,P. Lubrano,P. Lubrano,G. M. Madejski,A. Makeev,A. Makeev,B. Marangelli,B. Marangelli,M. Marelli,Enrico Massaro,M. N. Mazziotta,W. McConville,W. McConville,Julie McEnery,Julie McEnery,Peter F. Michelson,Massimo Minuti,W. Mitthumsiri,Tsunefumi Mizuno,A. A. Moiseev,A. A. Moiseev,M. Mongelli,C. Monte,C. Monte,M. E. Monzani,Elena Moretti,Elena Moretti,A. Morselli,Igor V. Moskalenko,S. Murgia,Hiroshi Nakajima,Takeshi Nakamori,M. Naumann-Godo,P. L. Nolan,J. P. Norris,E. Nuss,Masanori Ohno,T. Ohsugi,Nicola Omodei,E. Orlando,Jonathan F. Ormes,M. Ozaki,Alessandro Paccagnella,Alessandro Paccagnella,David Paneque,J. H. Panetta,D. Parent,D. Parent,V. Pelassa,M. Pepe,M. Pepe,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,Michele Pinchera,F. Piron,T. A. Porter,L. Poupard,S. Rainò,S. Rainò,Riccardo Rando,Riccardo Rando,Paul S. Ray,M. Razzano,Soebur Razzaque,Soebur Razzaque,Nanda Rea,A. Reimer,Olaf Reimer,T. Reposeur,Joachim Ripken,Steven Ritz,L. S. Rochester,A. Y. Rodriguez,Roger W. Romani,M. Roth,Hartmut Sadrozinski,David Salvetti,David Sánchez,A. Sander,P. M. Saz Parkinson,Jeffrey D. Scargle,T. L. Schalk,G. Scolieri,Carmelo Sgrò,M. S. Shaw,E. J. Siskind,David S. Smith,P. D. Smith,Gloria Spandre,P. Spinelli,P. Spinelli,Jean-Luc Starck,T. E. Stephens,T. E. Stephens,E. Striani,E. Striani,M. S. Strickman,Andrew W. Strong,D. J. Suson,Hiroyasu Tajima,Hiromitsu Takahashi,Tadayuki Takahashi,Takaaki Tanaka,J. B. Thayer,J. G. Thayer,D. J. Thompson,L. Tibaldo,O. Tibolla,F. Tinebra,Diego F. Torres,Diego F. Torres,Gino Tosti,Gino Tosti,A. Tramacere,Yasunobu Uchiyama,T. L. Usher,A. Van Etten,V. Vasileiou,V. Vasileiou,N. Vilchez,V. Vitale,V. Vitale,A. P. Waite,E. Wallace,P. Wang,K. Watters,Brian L Winer,Kent S. Wood,Zhenwei Yang,T. Ylinen,T. Ylinen,M. Ziegler +288 more
TL;DR: The first Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL) as mentioned in this paper contains 1451 sources detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 100 GeV range, and the threshold likelihood Test Statistic is 25, corresponding to a significance of just over 4 sigma.
Book
Physics of the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive and richly illustrated textbook on the astrophysics of the interstellar and intergalactic medium is presented, including the gas and dust, as well as the electromagnetic radiation, cosmic rays, and magnetic and gravitational fields, present between the stars in a galaxy and also between galaxies themselves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Giant gamma-ray bubbles from fermi-lat: active galactic nucleus activity or bipolar galactic wind?
TL;DR: The gamma-ray emission associated with these bubbles has a significantly harder spectrum (dN/dE ~ E 2) than the inverse Compton emission from electrons in the Galactic disk, or the gamma rays produced by the decay of pions from proton-interstellar medium collisions.
Journal ArticleDOI
PAMELA Measurements of Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra
O. Adriani,O. Adriani,G. C. Barbarino,G. A. Bazilevskaya,Roberto Bellotti,Mirko Boezio,E. A. Bogomolov,Lorenzo Bonechi,Lorenzo Bonechi,M. Bongi,V. Bonvicini,S. V. Borisov,S. Bottai,A. Bruno,F. Cafagna,D. Campana,R. Carbone,Per Carlson,Marco Casolino,G. Castellini,L. Consiglio,M. P. De Pascale,C. De Santis,N. De Simone,V. Di Felice,A. M. Galper,William Gillard,L. A. Grishantseva,Giovanna Jerse,A. V. Karelin,S. V. Koldashov,S. Y. Krutkov,A. N. Kvashnin,A. A. Leonov,V. V. Malakhov,V. Malvezzi,L. Marcelli,A. G. Mayorov,W. Menn,V. V. Mikhailov,E. Mocchiutti,Alfonso Monaco,Nicola Mori,Nicola Mori,N. N. Nikonov,G. Osteria,F. Palma,P. Papini,Mark Pearce,P. Picozza,C. Pizzolotto,Marco Ricci,S. B. Ricciarini,Laura Rossetto,Ritabrata Sarkar,M. Simon,Roberta Sparvoli,P. Spillantini,P. Spillantini,Y. I. Stozhkov,Andrea Vacchi,E. Vannuccini,G. I. Vasilyev,S. A. Voronov,Y. T. Yurkin,Juan Wu,G. Zampa,N. Zampa,V. G. Zverev +68 more
TL;DR: PAMELA data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy and find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law.
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