Embolism resistance drives the distribution of Amazonian rainforest tree species along hydro-topographic gradients
Rafael S. Oliveira,Flávia R. C. Costa,Emma van Baalen,Emma van Baalen,Arjen de Jonge,Arjen de Jonge,Paulo Roberto de Lima Bittencourt,Yanina Almanza,Fernanda de V. Barros,Edher C. Cordoba,Marina V. Fagundes,Sabrina Garcia,Zilza Thayane Matos Guimarães,M. F. Hertel,Juliana Schietti,Jefferson Rodrigues-Souza,Lourens Poorter,Lourens Poorter +17 more
TLDR
A large hydraulic diversity is found, covering as much as 44% of the global angiosperm variation in P50, suggesting the evolution of a stress-tolerance syndrome to nutrients and drought and has important implications for modelling and predicting forest and species resilience to climate change.Abstract:
Species distribution is strongly driven by local and global gradients in water availability but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Vulnerability to xylem embolism (P50 ) is a key trait that indicates how species cope with drought and might explain plant distribution patterns across environmental gradients. Here we address its role on species sorting along a hydro-topographical gradient in a central Amazonian rainforest and examine its variance at the community scale. We measured P50 for 28 tree species, soil properties and estimated the hydrological niche of each species using an indicator of distance to the water table (HAND). We found a large hydraulic diversity, covering as much as 44% of the global angiosperm variation in P50 . We show that P50 : contributes to species segregation across a hydro-topographic gradient in the Amazon, and thus to species coexistence; is the result of repeated evolutionary adaptation within closely related taxa; is associated with species tolerance to P-poor soils, suggesting the evolution of a stress-tolerance syndrome to nutrients and drought; and is higher for trees in the valleys than uplands. The large observed hydraulic diversity and its association with topography has important implications for modelling and predicting forest and species resilience to climate change.read more
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Modelling water fluxes in plants: from tissues to biosphere.
TL;DR: Issues related to the scaling from tissue-level traits to individual-based predictions of water transport, the representation of nonlinear and hysteretic behaviour in soil-xylem hydraulic and the need to incorporate knowledge of hydraulics within broader frameworks of plant ecological strategies and their consequences for predicting community demography and dynamics are highlighted.
Meta-analysis Reveals that Hydraulic Traits Explain Cross-Species Patterns of Drought-Induced Tree Mortality across the Globe
TL;DR: A meta-analysis of species’ mortality rates across 475 species finds that species-specific mortality anomalies from community mortality rate in a given drought were associated with plant hydraulic traits, providing broad support for the hypothesis that hydraulic traits capture key mechanisms determining tree death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Linking plant hydraulics and the fast–slow continuum to understand resilience to drought in tropical ecosystems
Rafael S. Oliveira,Cleiton B. Eller,Fernanda de V. Barros,Fernanda de V. Barros,Marina Hirota,Marina Hirota,Mauro Brum,Mauro Brum,Paulo R. L. Bittencourt,Paulo R. L. Bittencourt +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the trade-off between drought avoidance and hydraulic safety is a major axis of physiological variation across tropical ecosystems and propose a novel and independent axis of hydraulic trait variation linking vulnerability to hydraulic failure (expressed as the hydraulic safety margin (HSM)) and growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Higher resilience to climatic disturbances in tropical vegetation exposed to more variable rainfall
Catrin Ciemer,Catrin Ciemer,Niklas Boers,Niklas Boers,Marina Hirota,Marina Hirota,Juergen Kurths,Juergen Kurths,Juergen Kurths,Finn Mueller-Hansen,Finn Mueller-Hansen,Rafael S. Oliveira,Ricarda Winkelmann,Ricarda Winkelmann +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present observational evidence that both tropical forests and savannah exposed to a higher rainfall variability during their long-term past are overall more resilient against climatic disturbances, and infer that shifts from forest to savannah due to decreasing precipitation in the future are more likely to occur in regions with a precursory lower rainfall variability.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic yet vulnerable pipeline: Integration and coordination of hydraulic traits across whole plants.
Katherine A. McCulloh,Jean-Christophe Domec,Daniel M. Johnson,Duncan D. Smith,Frederick C. Meinzer +4 more
TL;DR: The influence that other components of the hydraulic network have on branch vulnerability to embolism propagation is discussed and it is shown that hydraulic function is better maintained through changes in root vulnerability and root-to-leaf area ratio than branch vulnerability.
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