Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of breast cancer.
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TLDR
Both oral contraceptives and hormonal therapy for menopause cause a small increase in breast-cancer risk, which appears to diminish once use stops, and alcohol increases risk, whereas physical activity is probably protective.Abstract:
Summary Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Rates vary about five-fold around the world, but they are increasing in regions that until recently had low rates of the disease. Many of the established risk factors are linked to oestrogens. Risk is increased by early menarche, late menopause, and obesity in postmenopausal women, and prospective studies have shown that high concentrations of endogenous oestradiol are associated with an increase in risk. Childbearing reduces risk, with greater protection for early first birth and a larger number of births; breastfeeding probably has a protective effect. Both oral contraceptives and hormonal therapy for menopause cause a small increase in breast-cancer risk, which appears to diminish once use stops. Alcohol increases risk, whereas physical activity is probably protective. Mutations in certain genes greatly increase breastcancer risk, but these account for a minority of cases.read more
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Andrew Tutt,Mark E. Robson,Judy Garber,Susan M. Domchek,M. William Audeh,Jeffrey N. Weitzel,Michael Friedlander,Banu Arun,Niklas Loman,Rita K. Schmutzler,Andrew M Wardley,Gillian Mitchell,H. M. Earl,Mark Wickens,James Carmichael +14 more
TL;DR: Findings from this phase 2 study provide positive proof of concept of the efficacy and tolerability of genetically targeted treatment with olaparib in BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer.
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A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology
John Lynch,George Davey Smith +1 more
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Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer
Timothy J. Key,Arthur Schatzkin,Walter C. Willett,Naomi E. Allen,Elizabeth A Spencer,Ruth C. Travis +5 more
TL;DR: Overweight/obesity increases the risk for cancers of the oesophagus, colorectum, breast, breast (postmenopausal), endometrium and kidney, and diets should include at least 400?g/d of total fruits and vegetables.
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Weight Loss in Breast Cancer Patient Management
TL;DR: Although definitive weight loss intervention trials in breast cancer patients remain to be conducted, the current evidence relating increased body weight to adverse breast cancer outcome and the documented favorable effects of weight loss on clinical outcome in other comorbid conditions support consideration of programs for weight loss in Breast cancer patients.
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TL;DR: The age-specific benefits of polychemotherapy appeared to be largely irrespective of menopausal status at presentation, oestrogen receptor status of the primary tumour, and of whether adjuvant tamoxifen had been given.
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