Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer — Analyses of Cohorts of Twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland
Paul Lichtenstein,Niels V. Holm,Pia K. Verkasalo,Anastasia Iliadou,Jaakko Kaprio,Jaakko Kaprio,Markku Koskenvuo,Markku Koskenvuo,Eero Pukkala,Axel Skytthe,Kari Hemminki +10 more
TLDR
Inherited genetic factors make a minor contribution to susceptibility to most types of neoplasms, which indicates that the environment has the principal role in causing sporadic cancer.Abstract:
Background The contribution of hereditary factors to the causation of sporadic cancer is unclear. Studies of twins make it possible to estimate the overall contribution of inherited genes to the development of malignant diseases. Methods We combined data on 44,788 pairs of twins listed in the Swedish, Danish, and Finnish twin registries in order to assess the risks of cancer at 28 anatomical sites for the twins of persons with cancer. Statistical modeling was used to estimate the relative importance of heritable and environmental factors in causing cancer at 11 of those sites. Results At least one cancer occurred in 10,803 persons among 9512 pairs of twins. An increased risk was found among the twins of affected persons for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer. Statistically significant effects of heritable factors were observed for prostate cancer (42 percent of the risk may be explained by heritable factors; 95 percent confidence interval, 29 to 50 percent), colorectal cancer (35 perce...read more
Citations
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Five years of GWAS discovery
Peter M. Visscher,Peter M. Visscher,Matthew A. Brown,Mark I. McCarthy,Mark I. McCarthy,Jian Yang +5 more
TL;DR: The past five years have seen many scientific and biological discoveries made through the experimental design of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which were aimed at detecting variants at genomic loci that are associated with complex traits in the population and, in particular, at detecting associations between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and common diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, auto-immune diseases, and psychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale-update based on new evidence
Sidney J. Winawer,Robert H. Fletcher,Douglas K. Rex,John H. Bond,Randall W. Burt,Joseph T. Ferrucci,Theodore G. Ganiats,Theodore R. Levin,Steven H. Woolf,David W. Johnson,Lynne M. Kirk,Scott C. Litin,Clifford Simmang +12 more
TL;DR: These guidelines differ from those published in 1997 in several ways: the screening interval for double contrast barium enema has been shortened to 5 years, and colonoscopy is the preferred test for the diagnostic investigation of patients with findings on screening and for screening patients with a family history of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
TL;DR: The USPSTF recommends against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer (grade D recommendation), which applies to men in the general U.S. population, regardless of age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes
Preetha Anand,Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakara,Chitra Sundaram,Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar,Sheeja T. Tharakan,Oiki S. Lai,Bokyung Sung,Bharat B. Aggarwal +7 more
TL;DR: Evidence that inflammation is the link between the agents/factors that cause cancer and the agents that prevent it is presented and evidence that cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes is provided.
References
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Book
Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families
Michael C. Neale,Lon R. Cardon +1 more
TL;DR: The LISREL Script for Rater Bias Model and Data for Simplex Model as mentioned in this paper is one of the most well-known models in the literature for gene expression analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic dissection of complex traits
TL;DR: This article synthesizes the current state of the genetic dissection of complex traits--describing the methods, limitations, and recent applications to biological problems.
Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits
TL;DR: The current state of the genetic dissection of complex traits is summarized in this paper, which describes the methods, limitations, and recent applications to biological problems, including linkage analysis, allele-sharing methods, association studies, and polygenic analysis of experimental crosses.
Journal ArticleDOI
The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to suggest that the method developed in quantitative genetics for dealing with ‘threshold characters ’ is applicable to data on the incidence of diseases, and that by its use the authors can get further towards an answer to the question of the relative importance of heredity and environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer risk in mutation carriers of DNA-mismatch-repair genes.
M. Aarnio,Risto Sankila,Eero Pukkala,Reijo Salovaara,Lauri A. Aaltonen,A de la Chapelle,Päivi Peltomäki,Jukka-Pekka Mecklin,Heikki Järvinen +8 more
TL;DR: The tumour spectrum associated with germline mutations of DNA‐mismatch‐repair genes involves 8 or more organ sites, suggesting a need to develop methods to screen for extra‐colonic cancer also.
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