Epigenetics and the placenta
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TLDR
Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation and appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD.Abstract:
results: Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation. Epigenetic marks, like DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression patterns. These expression patterns, including the important parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression resulting from genomic imprinting, play a pivotal role in proper fetal and placental development. Disturbed placental epigenetics has been demonstrated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age, and also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD. Several environmental effects have been investigated so far, e.g. ethanol, oxygen tension as well as the effect of several aspects of assisted reproduction technologies on placental epigenetics. conclusions: Studies in both animals and humans have made it increasingly clear that proper epigenetic regulation of both imprinted and non-imprinted genes is important in placental development. Its disturbance, which can be caused by various environmental factors, can lead to abnormal placental development and function with possible consequences for maternal morbidity, fetal development and disease susceptibility in later life.read more
Citations
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Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Anja Pinborg,U.B. Wennerholm,L.B. Romundstad,Annika Loft,Kristiina Aittomäki,Viveca Söderström-Anttila,K.G. Nygren,J. Hazekamp,Christina Bergh +8 more
TL;DR: Subfertility is a major risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome in ART singletons, however, even in the same mother an ART singleton has a poorer outcome than the non-ART sibling; hence, factors related to the hormone stimulation and/or IVF methods per se also may play a part.
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Linking prenatal maternal adversity to developmental outcomes in infants: The role of epigenetic pathways
TL;DR: Evidence illustrating the association between maternal prenatal distress and both fetal and infant developmental trajectories and the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating these effects are discussed.
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Sex-Specific Placental Responses in Fetal Development
TL;DR: Evidence that various species, including humans, exhibit normal sex-dependent structural and functional placental differences will be examined followed by how in utero environmental changes (nutritional state, stress, and exposure to environmental chemicals) might interact with fetal sex to affect this organ.
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Perinatal outcomes of children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a Nordic cohort study from the CoNARTaS group
Ulla-Britt Wennerholm,Anna-Karina Aaris Henningsen,Liv Bente Romundstad,Christina Bergh,Anja Pinborg,Rolv Skjærven,Julie Lyng Forman,Mika Gissler,Karl-Gösta Nygren,Aila Tiitinen +9 more
TL;DR: Singletons born after FET have a better perinatal outcome compared with singletons Born after fresh IVF and ICSI as regards low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), but a worse per inatal outcomeCompared with children conceived after spontaneous conception.
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Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure–response relationships
Victoria K. Cortessis,Duncan C. Thomas,A. Joan Levine,Carrie V. Breton,Thomas M. Mack,Kimberly D. Siegmund,Robert W. Haile,Peter W. Laird +7 more
TL;DR: Some of the challenges in studying epigenetic mediation of pathogenesis are discussed and some unique opportunities for exploring these phenomena are described.
References
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Assisted reproductive technologies do not enhance the variability of DNA methylation imprints in human
Sascha Tierling,N Y Souren,Jasmin Gries,Christina LoPorto,Marco Groth,Pavlo Lutsik,Heidemarie Neitzel,Isabelle Utz-Billing,Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach,Heribert Kentenich,Georg Griesinger,Karl Sperling,Eberhard Schwinger,Jörn Walter +13 more
TL;DR: The notion that children conceived by ART do not show a higher degree of imprint variability and hence do not have an a priori higher risk for imprinting disorders is supported.
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Low-oxygen compared with high-oxygen atmosphere in blastocyst culture, a prospective randomized study.
TL;DR: Blastocyst culture with low-oxygen (5%) versus high-oxy oxygen (19%) concentration yielded a better blastocyst outcome and a marked improvement in birth rate.
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Genome-wide analysis reveals a complex pattern of genomic imprinting in mice.
TL;DR: The results imply that the quantitative effects of an imprinted allele at a locus depend both on its parent of origin and the allele it is paired with, and show that the imprinting pattern of a loci can be variable over ontogenetic time and, in contrast to current views, may often be stronger at later stages in life.
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A Placenta-Specific Gene Ectopically Activated in Many Human Cancers Is Essentially Involved in Malignant Cell Processes
TL;DR: Features of PLAC1 make it an attractive candidate for targeted immunotherapeutic approaches, including localized on the surface of cancer cells and is accessible for antibodies which antagonize biological functions of this molecule.
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Epigenetic asymmetry in the mammalian zygote and early embryo: relationship to lineage commitment?
TL;DR: Maintaining epigenetic asymmetry appears important for development as asymmetry is lost in cloned embryos, and in particular an imbalance between extraembryonic and embryonic tissue development.